Araştırma Makalesi

Kırgızistan’da Yoksulluk ve Yoksulluk Çalışmaları

Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1 30 Haziran 2023
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Poverty and Poverty Studies in Kyrgyz Republic

Abstract

The concept of poverty has come to the forefront, with the social, cultural, and economic changes that started in the 1980s. Poverty has begun to be studied in more detail by national governments, various international organizations (World Bank, United Nations, etc.), and some non-governmental organizations. In particular, it has a strong position in poverty with the poverty studies carried out by the World Bank and the definitions it has brought to poverty. Like the World Bank, the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) has been closely interested in the problem of poverty with its studies and reports since 1990. It has made serious efforts to reduce poverty through cooperation with some national governments in the fight against poverty. Although poverty studies, which started to find more place in the academic literature in the 1990s, were available in Kyrgyzstan during the Soviet period, they began to be carried out systematically in 1996, after gaining independence. As a reflection of the social, political, economic, and cultural changes that took place in the country with the collapse of the Soviet Union, Kyrgyzstan is among the countries that have felt the poverty phenomenon quite severely, since becoming independent. Poverty analysis methods in Kyrgyzstan generally include monetary indicators (Monetary income and expenditures of households, subsistence minimum, poverty level of the population, etc.), and non-monetary indicators (health and nutrition, child poverty and nutrition, education poverty, etc.), multidimensional poverty index (monetary poverty, education, food security, living conditions, health). Since 2004, household expenditures (personal consumption level) have been used as the official method of measuring poverty. According to 2021 data, the average monthly income per capita in the country is 6 647.8 soms ($79.1). The World Bank's adjustment of the international poverty line (minimum consumption level) in 2018 was calculated as $3.2 per day. With this classification, it is seen that Kyrgyzstan lives under the international poverty line. According to the data for 2021, 2 244 310 individuals in the country are poor, and 407 118 individuals are extremely poor (6.0). The nationwide poverty rate is 33.3. Excluding the money transfers of migrant workers, it is stated that the poverty level in the country will increase from 33.3% to 42.8% on average. The daily calorie value is 2240.2. Although the poverty gap between the regions is high, this rate rises to 35.8 in Bishkek, the capital of the country. In addition to urban poverty, child poverty has also increased recently. The article discusses the general course of the studies and researches carried out within the framework of the concept of poverty and the 30-year social processes that Kyrgyzstan has gone through since independence within the framework of poverty studies, while the poverty levels in Kyrgyzstan (poverty level, gender and child poverty, rural and village poverty, calorie and product consumption) are evaluated in the light of statistical data. As a result, it can be mentioned that the social events, political instability and economic depressions that Kyrgyzstan experienced on the basis of the poverty spiral after independence.

Keywords

Kaynakça

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Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

Türkçe

Konular

Sosyoloji

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

30 Haziran 2023

Gönderilme Tarihi

14 Şubat 2023

Kabul Tarihi

24 Haziran 2023

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 1970 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA
Ünal, A. (2023). Kırgızistan’da Yoksulluk ve Yoksulluk Çalışmaları. Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(1), 81-108. https://doi.org/10.47948/efad.1251076
AMA
1.Ünal A. Kırgızistan’da Yoksulluk ve Yoksulluk Çalışmaları. KMÜ EFAD. 2023;6(1):81-108. doi:10.47948/efad.1251076
Chicago
Ünal, Ali. 2023. “Kırgızistan’da Yoksulluk ve Yoksulluk Çalışmaları”. Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 6 (1): 81-108. https://doi.org/10.47948/efad.1251076.
EndNote
Ünal A (01 Haziran 2023) Kırgızistan’da Yoksulluk ve Yoksulluk Çalışmaları. Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 6 1 81–108.
IEEE
[1]A. Ünal, “Kırgızistan’da Yoksulluk ve Yoksulluk Çalışmaları”, KMÜ EFAD, c. 6, sy 1, ss. 81–108, Haz. 2023, doi: 10.47948/efad.1251076.
ISNAD
Ünal, Ali. “Kırgızistan’da Yoksulluk ve Yoksulluk Çalışmaları”. Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 6/1 (01 Haziran 2023): 81-108. https://doi.org/10.47948/efad.1251076.
JAMA
1.Ünal A. Kırgızistan’da Yoksulluk ve Yoksulluk Çalışmaları. KMÜ EFAD. 2023;6:81–108.
MLA
Ünal, Ali. “Kırgızistan’da Yoksulluk ve Yoksulluk Çalışmaları”. Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 6, sy 1, Haziran 2023, ss. 81-108, doi:10.47948/efad.1251076.
Vancouver
1.Ali Ünal. Kırgızistan’da Yoksulluk ve Yoksulluk Çalışmaları. KMÜ EFAD. 01 Haziran 2023;6(1):81-108. doi:10.47948/efad.1251076

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