Evaluation of Thymus pseudopulegioides plant extracts for total phenolic contents, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties

Year 2022, , 1 - 4, 23.06.2022

Latife Betül Gül , Nilgün Özdemir , Osman Gül , Ahmet Çon

https://doi.org/10.55147/efse.1091864

Cited By: 1

Abstract

In this study, the ethanolic extracts of leaf and flower of Thymus pseudopulegioides Klokov & Des. Shost collected from Sultan Murat Plateau of Trabzon, Turkey was assessed for total phenolic contents and antioxidant activities. In addition, antibacterial activity of extracts against nine different bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomanas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, B. pumilus, B. subtilis, B. licheniformis, Listeria innocua and L. monocytogenes) were determined using the agar-dilution method. The extraction yields from leaf and flower were obtained as 10.95% and 0.94% (w/w), respectively. The total phenolic contents of leaf and flower extracts were determined as 7.84 and 0.39 mg GAE/g, respectively. Antioxidant activities of the ethanolic extracts from leaf and flower were evaluated by using DPPH radical scavenging, and leaf extract showed better antioxidant activity than flower extract. Although, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of leaf extracts was determined as 1.028 mg/mL for all bacteria except B. subtilis (0.256 mg/mL), MIC of flower extracts for B. subtilis and B. pumilis was found as 0.256 mg/mL and for others was 0.512 mg/mL. The extracts of the tested parts of Thymus pseudopulegioides, especially the leaves might be valuable for functional food and therapeutic applications.

Keywords

Antimicrobial activity, Antioxidant activity, total phenolic, Thymus pseudopulegioides

References

• Ait-Ouazzou, A., Lorán, S., Arakrak, A., Laglaoui, A., Rota, C., Herrera, A., . . . Conchello, P. (2012). Evaluation of the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Mentha pulegium, Juniperus phoenicea, and Cyperus longus essential oils from Morocco. Food Research International, 45(1), 313-319. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2011.09.004
• Bakkali, F., Averbeck, S., Averbeck, D., & Idaomar, M. (2008). Biological effects of essential oils--a review. Food Chem Toxicol, 46(2), 446-475. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2007.09.106
• Baser, K. H. C., Kürkçüoglu, M., Ermin, N., Tümen, G., & Malyer, H. (1999). Composition of the Essential Oil ofThymus pseudopulegioidesKlokov et Des.-Shost from Turkey. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 11(1), 86-88. doi:10.1080/10412905.1999.9701080
• Brand-Williams, W., Cuvelier, M. E., & Berset, C. L. W. T. (1995). Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. LWT-Food science and Technology, 28(1), 25-30.
• Chan, E., Lim, Y., & Omar, M. (2007). Antioxidant and antibacterial activity of leaves of Etlingera species (Zingiberaceae) in Peninsular Malaysia. Food Chemistry, 104(4), 1586-1593. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.03.023
• Chopra, I., & Greenwood, D. (2001). Antibacterial agents: basis of action. In J. Battista (Ed.), Encyclopedia of life sciences. Wiley, <www.els.net>.
• CLSI. (2006). Performance standards for antimicrobial disk susceptibility tests; approved standard, 9th edition. M2-A9. Wayne; Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI).
• Fatma, G., Mouna, B. F., Mondher, M., & Ahmed, L. (2014). In-vitro assessment of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of methanol extracts and essential oil of Thymus hirtus sp. algeriensis. Lipids in Health and Disease, 13(1), 1-12.
• Gedikoglu, A., Sokmen, M., & Civit, A. (2019). Evaluation of Thymus vulgaris and Thymbra spicata essential oils and plant extracts for chemical composition, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. Food Sci Nutr, 7(5), 1704-1714. doi:10.1002/fsn3.1007
• Günaydin, M., Laghari, A. H., Bektaş, E., Sökmen, M., & Sökmen, A. (2017). Accumulation of phenolics in natural and micropropagated plantlets of Thymus pseudopulegioides Klokov & Des.-Shost. with their antioxidant potentials. Turkish Journal of Biology, 41, 754-764. doi:10.3906/biy-1704-9
• Krakowska, A., Rafinska, K., Walczak, J., Kowalkowski, T., & Buszewski, B. (2017). Comparison of Various Extraction Techniques of Medicago sativa: Yield, Antioxidant Activity, and Content of Phytochemical Constituents. J AOAC Int, 100(6), 1681-1693. doi:10.5740/jaoacint.17-0234
• Maltas, E., Uysal, A., Yildiztugay, E., Aladag, M. O., Yildiz, S., & Kucukoduk, M. (2013). Investigation of antioxidant and antibacterial activities of some Hypericum species. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 22(3), 862-869.
• Martins, N., Barros, L., Santos-Buelga, C., Henriques, M., Silva, S., & Ferreira, I. C. (2015). Evaluation of bioactive properties and phenolic compounds in different extracts prepared from Salvia officinalis L. Food Chem, 170, 378-385. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.08.096
• Ozen, T., & Demirtas, I. (2015). Antioxidative properties of Thymus pseudopulegioides: comparison of different extracts and essential oils Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 18(2), 496-506.
• Ozen, T., Demirtas, I., & Aksit, H. (2011). Determination of antioxidant activities of various extracts and essential oil compositions of Thymus praecox subsp. skorpilii var. skorpilii. Food Chemistry, 124(1), 58-64. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.05.103
• Rafat, A., Philip, K., & Muni, S. (2010). Antioxidant potential and content of phenolic compounds in ethanolic extracts of selected parts of Andrographis paniculata. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 4(3), 197-202.
• Reyes-Jurado, F., Cervantes-Rincón, T., Bach, H., López-Malo, A., & Palou, E. (2019). Antimicrobial activity of Mexican oregano (Lippia berlandieri), thyme (Thymus vulgaris), and mustard (Brassica nigra) essential oils in gaseous phase. Industrial Crops and Products, 131, 90-95. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.01.036
• Sekeroglu, N., Urlu, E., Kulak, M., Gezici, S., & Dang, R. (2017). Variation in Total Polyphenolic Contents, DNA Protective Potential and Antioxidant Capacity from Aqueous and Ethanol Extracts in Different Plant Parts of Hypericum perforatum L. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, 51(2s), s1-s7. doi:10.5530/ijper.51.2s.43
• Seyrekoğlu, F., & Temiz, H. (2020). Effect of Extraction Conditions on the Phenolic Content and DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity of Hypericum perforatum L. Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology, 8(1). doi:10.24925/turjaf.v8i1.226-229.3013
• Shabir, G., Anwar, F., Sultana, B., Khalid, Z. M., Afzal, M., Khan, Q. M., & Ashrafuzzaman, M. (2011). Antioxidant and antimicrobial attributes and phenolics of different solvent extracts from leaves, flowers and bark of Gold Mohar [Delonix regia (Bojer ex Hook.) Raf]. Molecules, 16(9), 7302-7319. doi:10.3390/molecules16097302
• Siddhuraju, P., Mohan, P. S., & Becker, K. (2002). Studies on the antioxidant activity of Indian Laburnum (Cassia fistula L.): a preliminary assessment of crude extracts from stem bark, leaves, flowers and fruit pulp. Food Chemistry, 79(1), 61-67.
• Singleton, V. L., & Rossi, J. A. (1965). Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic-phosphotungstic acid reagents. American journal of Enology and Viticulture, 16(3), 144-158. doi:10.1038/nprot.2007.102
• Tammar, S., Salem, N., Bettaieb Rebey, I., Sriti, J., Hammami, M., Khammassi, S., . . . Msaada, K. (2018). Regional effect on essential oil composition and antimicrobial activity of Thymus capitatus L. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 31(2), 129-137. doi:10.1080/10412905.2018.1539415