BAĞLANMA SÜRECİNİN ERGEN AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Yıl 2007, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 2, 159 - 172, 01.06.2007

Olcay Çam Gülseren Keskin

Öz

Bu yazıda bağlanma kuramı, bağlanma süreci, ergen bağlanması, bağlanma ile ilgili psikopatolojik bozukluklar, yetişkin bağlanması ile ilgili araştırmalar gözden geçirilmiştir. “PubMed” ve “ScienceDirect” tıbbi arama motorları kullanılarak, özellikle 1985-2004 yılları arasında yayımlanan makaleler, öncelikli olarak değerlendirilmeye alınmıştır. Bağlanma ebeveyn ve çocuk arasında oluşan ilk ilişkinin en önemli odağıdır. Bağlanma kuramı bebek psikolojisini temel almasına rağmen ergenleri anlamak içinde kullanılmıştır. Ergenin gelişimsel periyodu içerisinde yaşamın tekrar gözden geçirilmesi ile kimliğin oluşturulması esnasında, bağlanma figürlerinin değişmesi ve ergende yeniden organize olması nedeni ile ergenlik bağlanma ilişkisinde pek çok dramatik değişimin yaşandığı bir dönemdir. Bu değişiklikler güvenli veya tehlike oluşturacak şekilde bağlanılan figürün partnere aktarılmasıyla yaşanır. Bağlanma olgusu aile içerisinde ebeveynin olumlu ya da olumsuz fonksiyonlarından etkilenir. Ebeveyne bağlanma ile ilgili bozukluklar çocuk ve ergende davranışsal problemler, eğitimsel zorlantılar ve düşük benlik saygısı şeklinde yaşanır. Erken dönem çocukluk deneyimleri bilinmeyen bir şekilde yetişkinlik döneminde de tekrarlanarak yaşanır ve yetişkin bağlanma stili önceki bilişler duygulanımlar ve davranışlarla gelişir. Böylece çocukluktaki bağlanma yetişkinlikteki romantik ilişkilere ve akran ilişkilerine aktarılır. Sonuç olarak, bağlanma kuramı psikiyatrik yaklaşıma ve klinik uygulamalara farklı bir bakış açısı sunar. Bu bakış açısı doğumdan yetişkinlik sürecine kadar bireysel gelişim, bağlanma süreci, davranışsal gelişim sürecinin dikkate alınması gereğini vurgular. Böylece bu yaklaşımla bağlanma ile ilgili bozuklukların çözümüne olanak sağlanmış olur

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dezorganize bağlanma, Bağlanma, Ergen bağlanması, Yetişkin bağlanması

THE EVALUATION OF ATTACHMENT PROCESS POINT OF ADOLESCENCE

Öz

This article reviews literature on attachment theory, process of attachment, adolescent attachment, attachment related psychopathological disorder, adult attachment. Articles, published in 1985-2004 and searched via “PubMed” and “ScienceDirect” medical search engines, are primarily included in the review. The attachment systems are at the heart of this crucial first relationship between child and parent. Attachment theory is central in infant psychology but is also more and more used to understand adolescent's vulnerability. Adolescence is a period of dramatic change in attachment relationships because of adolescence as a developmental period of change and reorganization might lead to changes in attachment representations by re-evaluating one’s life experiences in the course of general identity development. These changes enable attached children to become attachment figures for their spouses and to live safely in a world characterized by both safety and danger. Attachment bond affected negative or positive parental functioning in family. Disordered parental attachment can commit children, adolescence to lives characterised by relationship difficulties, behaviour problems, educational failure, and poor self-esteem. Early childhood patterns are unknowingly recreated in our adult relationships and adult attachment style is developmentally antecedent to cognitions, emotions and behaviours. So attachment in childhood were likely to be transferred to romantic and peer relationships. Hence attachment theory drawing up a new concepts to psychiatric aproach and clinical practice. Indeed, this concept permits to take into account in a combined manner individual development, processes of attachment, and behaviour adjustments, from birth throughout adulthood. So this aproach gives a permission to solution of related to attachment disorder

Anahtar Kelimeler

Attachment, Attachment process, Mental health

Kaynakça

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