Ortaöğretime Geçiş Merkezi Sınavının Özel Öğrenme Güçlüğü Olan Öğrencilere Göre Ölçme Değişmezliğinin İncelenmesi

Öz

Geniş ölçekli testlerin, özel gereksinimli öğrenciler için ölçme değişmezliğinin sağlanması ve buna yönelik bilimsel analizler adil ölçmeler için kritiktir. Özel öğrenme güçlüğü, özel gereksinim grupları içerisinde en büyük grubu oluşturmaktadır. Bu araştırmada ortaöğretime geçiş sınavının öğrencilerin özel öğrenme güçlüğü olup olmama durumuna göre ölçme değişmezliği incelenmiştir. Araştırmada öğrenme güçlüğü tanısı olan 994 öğrenci odak grubu, özel gereksinimi olmayan 1000 öğrenci ise referans grubu oluşturmuştur. Her bir alt testteki maddelerin Değişen Madde Fonksiyonu(DMF) gösterip göstermediği Mantel Haenszel ve Lord’un ki karesi yöntemleri ile incelenmiştir. Bunun yanında, Çoklu Grup Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi uygulanarak, alt testlerin yapısal, zayıf, güçlü ve katı değişmezlikleri aşamalı olarak incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonucuna göre 90 maddelik testin 34 maddesi her iki yönteme göre DMF göstermektedir. On bir madde orta ve beş madde ise yüksek düzeyde DMF göstermektedir. Zayıf değişmezlik ise tüm alt testlerde sağlanmamaktadır. Bu sonuca göre, sınavın tüm alt testlerinde, faktör yükleri gruplar arasında değişiklik göstermektedir. Bu sonuçlara göre söz konusu sınavın. Özel öğrenme güçlüğüne göre ölçme değişmezliğini sağlamadığı belirtilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• değişen madde fonksiyonu
• faktöriyel değişmezlik
• ölçme değişmezliği
• özel öğrenme güçlüğü
• test düzenlemeleri

MEASUREMENT INVARIANCE OF TURKISH “CENTRAL EXAM FOR SECONDARY EDUCATION” BY SPECIFIC LEARNING DISABILITY

Öz

Ensuring measurement invariance for students with disabilities is critical for fair measurement in large-scale testing. Specific learning disability constitutes the largest group among disability groups. In this study, it was aimed to examine the measurement invariance of the Turkish Central Exam for Secondary Education according to whether or not students have a specific learning disability. 994 students diagnosed with specific learning disability formed the focus group, whilst 1,000 students without any disability constituted the reference group. Mantel Haenszel and Lord’s chi-square methods were used to determine whether or not the items in each subtest showed Differential Item Functioning (DIF). In addition, by applying Multigroup Confirmatory Factor Analysis, the configural invariance, metric invariance, scalar invariance, and strict invariance of the subtests were examined. The study’s findings proved that 34 of the 90-item test indicated DIF according to both methods. Eleven items show moderate DIF and five show high DIF. Metric invariance is not provided in all subtests, with factor loadings in all subtests varied between the groups.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• differential item functioning
• factorial invariance
• measurement invariance
• specific learning disability
• test accommodations

Kaynakça

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