Mobilya Üretim Sürecinde Karşılaşılan Başlıca Mesleki Tehlikelerin Çalışan Sağlığı Üzerinde Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Türkiye’de İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği (İSG) uygulamaları, kaza sıklığı yüksek sektörlerde ve belirli meslek hastalıkları üzerinde yoğunlaşmaktadır. İşyerlerini, 88 faaliyet grubuna ayıran Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığı 2012 yılı verilerine göre mobilya sektörünü işyeri sayısı bakımından 18., çalışan sayısı bakımından 26., iş kazası bakımından 19. ve meslek hastalığı bakımından da 25.sırada belirlemiş olması(, Türkiye’deki mobilya sektörünün çalışma koşullarının ayrıntılı incelenmesinin zaruriyetini göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada; mobilya üretim süreçlerinden ortaya çıkan çevresel ve sağlık etkilerinin tanımlanması amacıyla, Tekirdağ’da ahşap mobilya üretimi yapan örnek bir tesisin üretim süreçlerinden oluşan çalışma ortamı etkileri ile sağlık problemleri 4 ay süreyle incelenmiş, başlıca önemli çalışma ortamı etkileri tanımlanıp ölçülmesi sonucunda elde edilen veriler ile çalışanların sağlık raporları da dahil olmak üzere, periyodik sağlık kontrol bulguları, tesisin işyeri hekiminin de yardımıyla değerlendirilmiş ve incelenen üretim sürecinin başlıca önemli çalışma ortamı etkilerinin çalışan sağlığı üzerine etkisi ortaya konulmuştur. Bu çalışma sonucunda, özellikle çevresel iç ortam kalitesindeki değişimin çalışan sağlığı üzerinde önemli etkilerinin olabileceği anlaşılmıştır. Bu etkilerden özellikle gürültü faktörünün mobilya sektörü çalışanları üzerinde sıklıkla ortaya çıkan ve farklı düzeylerde etkilenmeye sebep olan bir etken olduğu açıkça görülmüştür. Ayrıca hammaddeden kaynaklı olarak üretim süreçlerinin farklı adımlarında farklı yoğunlukta ortaya çıkabilen toz faktörünün, tesis içerisinde toz toplama sistemleri kullanımı gibi önleyici tedbirler ile maruziyetin düşük düzeyde kalmasına karşın bu tozların özellikle ciltte yol açtığı dermatit türü etkilerin gözle görülebilir şekilde farkedilebildiği, ancak teşhisi için yeterli kontrollerin ve gerekli sağlık taramalarının tesis içinde yapılamadığını anlaşılmıştır. Diğer yandan, tesiste kullanılan kimyasal madde maruziyetinden kaynaklanan ciddi boyutta bir sağlık sorunu tespit edilmemiştir. Gelecekte bu işletmede başlıca önemli çevresel etki olarak tespit edilen gürültü ve toz etmenlerinin azaltılması ve ortadan kaldırılmasına yönelik detaylı bilimsel çalışmalar yapılarak iyi uygulamaların tanımlanması, benzer üretim yapan tesisler için de yol gösterici nitelik taşıyacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Mobilya sektörü
• çevresel etki
• çalışan sağlığı
• meslek hastalığı
• kişisel maruziyet

Evaluation of Major Occupational Hazards Encountered in the Furniture Production Process on Employee Health

Öz

Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) practices in Turkey focus on sectors with high accident frequency and certain occupational diseases. According to the 2012 year data of the Ministry of Labor and Social Security, which divides the workplaces into 88 activity groups, it has determined the furniture sector as 18th in terms of the number of workplaces, 26th in terms of the number of employees, 19th in terms of occupational accidents and 25th in terms of occupational diseases, shows the necessity of investigating the working conditions of the furniture industry in Turkey in detail. In this study; in order to define the occupational hazards on employee health arising from the furniture production processes, of a chosen facility producing wooden furniture in Tekirdag were examined for 4 months. The data obtained as a result of defining and measuring the main workplace hazards and periodic health surveillance data, including the health reports of the employees, were evaluated together with the help of the Occupational Physician of the facility and the impact of the main workplace impacts of the investigated production process on employee health was defined. As a result of the study; it has been understood that the change in workplace air quality may have significant effects on employee health. It has been clearly seen that among these effects, especially the noise factor, is a main factor that occurs frequently on the furniture industry workers and causes different levels of influence. In addition, although workplace dust factor, which can occur at different intensities in different steps of the production processes due to the raw material, remains at a low level with preventive measures such as the use of dust collection systems in the facility, the dermatitis-type effects caused by these dusts on the skin can be visibly noticed, however, it was understood that adequate controls and necessary health screenings for diagnosis could not be made within the facility. On the other hand, no serious health problems have been identified due to exposure to chemicals used in the facility. In the future, detailed scientific studies on the reduction and elimination of noise and dust factors , which are determined to be the most important workplace environment effects in this enterprise , and the definition of good practices will also guide the facilities that produce similar products.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Furniture industry
• environmental impact
• employee health
• occupational disease
• personal exposure

Teşekkür

Authors so many thanks to the Eresbosen Occupational Safety Quality and Consultancy Firm employees who enabled us to work at the facility under review, Total Quality Management Assistant Manager Talat Öncüler and Integrated Management Systems Manager Saliha Kaya who enable us to make our meausrements and to share integrated management system’s documents that we needed at the investigated facility and provided all kinds of support, respectively.

Kaynakça

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