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Mobilya Üretim Sürecinde Karşılaşılan Başlıca Mesleki Tehlikelerin Çalışan Sağlığı Üzerinde Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2021, , 36 - 44, 30.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.55581/ejeas.1033299

Öz

Türkiye’de İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği (İSG) uygulamaları, kaza sıklığı yüksek sektörlerde ve belirli meslek hastalıkları üzerinde yoğunlaşmaktadır. İşyerlerini, 88 faaliyet grubuna ayıran Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığı 2012 yılı verilerine göre mobilya sektörünü işyeri sayısı bakımından 18., çalışan sayısı bakımından 26., iş kazası bakımından 19. ve meslek hastalığı bakımından da 25.sırada belirlemiş olması(, Türkiye’deki mobilya sektörünün çalışma koşullarının ayrıntılı incelenmesinin zaruriyetini göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada; mobilya üretim süreçlerinden ortaya çıkan çevresel ve sağlık etkilerinin tanımlanması amacıyla, Tekirdağ’da ahşap mobilya üretimi yapan örnek bir tesisin üretim süreçlerinden oluşan çalışma ortamı etkileri ile sağlık problemleri 4 ay süreyle incelenmiş, başlıca önemli çalışma ortamı etkileri tanımlanıp ölçülmesi sonucunda elde edilen veriler ile çalışanların sağlık raporları da dahil olmak üzere, periyodik sağlık kontrol bulguları, tesisin işyeri hekiminin de yardımıyla değerlendirilmiş ve incelenen üretim sürecinin başlıca önemli çalışma ortamı etkilerinin çalışan sağlığı üzerine etkisi ortaya konulmuştur. Bu çalışma sonucunda, özellikle çevresel iç ortam kalitesindeki değişimin çalışan sağlığı üzerinde önemli etkilerinin olabileceği anlaşılmıştır. Bu etkilerden özellikle gürültü faktörünün mobilya sektörü çalışanları üzerinde sıklıkla ortaya çıkan ve farklı düzeylerde etkilenmeye sebep olan bir etken olduğu açıkça görülmüştür. Ayrıca hammaddeden kaynaklı olarak üretim süreçlerinin farklı adımlarında farklı yoğunlukta ortaya çıkabilen toz faktörünün, tesis içerisinde toz toplama sistemleri kullanımı gibi önleyici tedbirler ile maruziyetin düşük düzeyde kalmasına karşın bu tozların özellikle ciltte yol açtığı dermatit türü etkilerin gözle görülebilir şekilde farkedilebildiği, ancak teşhisi için yeterli kontrollerin ve gerekli sağlık taramalarının tesis içinde yapılamadığını anlaşılmıştır. Diğer yandan, tesiste kullanılan kimyasal madde maruziyetinden kaynaklanan ciddi boyutta bir sağlık sorunu tespit edilmemiştir. Gelecekte bu işletmede başlıca önemli çevresel etki olarak tespit edilen gürültü ve toz etmenlerinin azaltılması ve ortadan kaldırılmasına yönelik detaylı bilimsel çalışmalar yapılarak iyi uygulamaların tanımlanması, benzer üretim yapan tesisler için de yol gösterici nitelik taşıyacaktır.

Proje Numarası

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Kaynakça

  • [1] Social Security Institution Statistical Yearbook, 2011-2013 SGK Statistical Yearbooks. http://www.sgk.gov.tr/wps/portal/tr/kurumsal/istatistikler. (Date of Access:06.12.2021)
  • [2] T.R. Ministry of Labor and Social Security, Labor Inspection Board Presidency, Programmatic Inspection General Evaluation Report Based on Fire and Explosion Risks in the Machinery Used in Furniture Manufacturing in the Siteler Region and the Polyester (Polish, Paint, Lacquer) Sector, 2012, Page: 28-30,42-44,103- 109,
  • [3] Furniture Industry Report, Sectoral Reports and Analysis Series, 2020, T.R. Mınıstry Of Industry And Technology. . https://www.sanayi.gov.tr/assets/pdf/plan-program/MobilyaSektorRaporu2020.pdf (Date of Access:06.12.2021)
  • [4] Employer's Guide in terms of Furniture Industry Social Security Legislation, Social Security Institution, GK Guidance and Inspection Presidency, 2015. https://www.tesk.org.tr/resimler/1Agac.pdf. (Date of Access:06.12.2021).
  • [5] Occupational Health and Safety Law, Official Gazette dated 30.06.2012 and numbered 28339.
  • [6] Hazard Classes List Communiqué on Occupational Health and Safety, Official Gazette dated 26.12.2012 and numbered 28509.
  • [7] Working Life Statistics- Labor 2013 Year Statistics, 2014, General Directorate of Labor, ISBN 978-975-455-223-2, Ankara/Turkey.
  • [8] Furniture Industry, Economic Research Department, Türkiye İş Bankası (TİB) Publications, 2015. https://ekonomi.isbank.com.tr/ContentManagement/Documents/sr05_mobilyasektoru.pdf, (Date of Access:06.12.2021).
  • [9] U.S. Department Of Labor, Occupational Safety And Health Administration (OSHA), 1999. A Guide For Protecting Workers From Woodworking Hazards, pp.:2, 31, 40-42 https://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3157.pdf (Date of Access:06.12.2021).
  • [10] International Labour Organization, Encyclopaeda Of Occupational Health And Safety, Part 13 – Manufacturing Industries, Chapter 86 – Woodworking.http://Www.İlocis.Org/Documents/Chpt86e.Htm#Jd_Ch86_2 (Date of Access:06.12.2021).
  • [11] Health and Safety Executive, Example Risk Assessment For A Woodworking Company, 2013. http://www.hse.gov.uk/risk/casestudies/pdf/woodworking.pdf (Date of Access:06.12.2021).
  • [12] Turan, G., 2013. Evaluation of Major Environmental Impacts Encountered in the Furniture Production Process in terms of Employee Health, Namık Kemal University, Institute of Science and Technology, Master Thesis,Tekirdağ, 2013.
  • [13] Bekircan E., 2007. Effects of process conditions on dispersion quality and paint properties in water-based paints, Master Thesis, Kocaeli University, Page:5-11, Kocaeli.
  • [14] Ministry of Labor and Social Security, General Directorate of Occupational Health and Safety, ISGIP Occupational Diseases and Work-Related Diseases Diagnosis Guide, Pages: 99-102, 133-139, 299-300. https://www.csgb.gov.tr/medias/4597/rehber20.pdf (Date of Access:06.12.2021).
  • [15] T.R. Ministry of Labor and Social Security, General Directorate of Occupational Health and Safety, ISGIP Project (2010-2012) Health Surveillance Guide in Working Life, Page:115-145.
  • [16] International Agency for Research on Cancer, Occupatıonal Exposure As A Painter, Iarc Monographs Volume 98 http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/vol98/mono98-6.pdf (Date of Access:06.12.2021).
  • [17] Çelenk Kaya E., Ölmezoğlu İri N.İ., Pedis K., 2020. Identification of Risks and Sample Risk Analysis Study in a Wood and Furniture Manufacturing Workplace, Gümüşhane University Journal of Health Sciences, 9(1): 25 – 35.
  • [18] Gengörü T., 2006. Structural Problems of Small Scale Furniture Finishing Workshops. Master's Thesis, Gazi University, Institute of Science and Technology, Ankara.
  • [19] TS 2607 ISO 1997, Acoustics-Determination of the noise exposure in the workplace and the estimation standard of the hearing loss caused by this noise.
  • [20] TSE - TS ISO 16200-1, Workplace air quality-Sampling and analysis- of volatile organic compounds by solvent desorption/gas chromatography-Part 1:Pumped sampling method.
  • [21] US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods. Cincinnati: NIOSH; [accessed 9 September]. 2014. www.cdc.gov/niosh/nmam. Guidelines for Air Sampling and Analytical Development and Evaluation (NIOSH Publ No 95-117).
  • [22] ISO 5349-1/TS ISO2631-2, Guidelines for the measurement and evaluation of hand-transmitted vibration at the workplace / Evaluation of human exposure to whole- body vibration- Part 2: Continious and shock- induced vibration in buildings (1 to 80 Hz)
  • [23] Cengiz N., 2002. The effects of chemicals used in the leather industry on worker and environmental health. Kocatepe Medical Journal, 3, pp.09-21.
  • [24] Aksakal F.N, Vaizoğlu S, Güler Ç.,2005. Chemicals and Health Effects in Furniture, TTB Journal of Continuing Medicine Education, 14, pp:272.
  • [25] Podniece Z.,2012. Risk assessment in textile industry: an european approach. Risk assessment seminar on textile industry, European Agency for safety and health, Çorlu.
  • [26] Tomak ED, Yıldız Ü.C.,2010. Chemical Modification of Wood. III. National Black Sea Forestry Congress, 4, pp.1681-1690, Trabzon.
  • [27] Göktaş O, Mammadov R, Duru ME, Baysal E. Çolak AM, Özen E., 2006. Development of Environmentally Compatible Natural Coloring and Preservative Wood Top Surface Treatment Paints from Various Tree and Herbaceous Plant Extracts and Determination of Color Values, www.ekoloji.com.tr/resimler/60-3.pdf (Date of Access:06.12.2021).
  • [28] Örnek Z., 2004. Investigation of Respiratory System Symptoms, Skin Test, Free Radical, Antioxidant and Serum Prolidase Activity Levels in Cotton Spinning Factory Workers. Specialization thesis, Süleyman Demirel University, Department of Chest Diseases, Isparta.
  • [29] Sahidi B.S. 2007. Study of Safety Improvement For Wood Dust Hazard In Furniture Production Line. Universiti Teknikal Malaysia melaka. Degree of bachelor of Manifacturing Engineering.
  • [30] Camkurt MZ., 2007. The Effect of Workplace Working System and Workplace Physical Factors on Work Accidents. Kamu-İş Journal of Labor Law and Economics, 20(1),pp.81-106.
  • [31] Sabancı A., Sümer SK., 2011. Ergonomics, Nobel Publications, p.472, Ankara.
  • [32] Regulation On The Protection Of Employees From Vibration-Related Risks published in the Official Gazette dated 22.08.2013 and numbered 28743.

Evaluation of Major Occupational Hazards Encountered in the Furniture Production Process on Employee Health

Yıl 2021, , 36 - 44, 30.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.55581/ejeas.1033299

Öz

Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) practices in Turkey focus on sectors with high accident frequency and certain occupational diseases. According to the 2012 year data of the Ministry of Labor and Social Security, which divides the workplaces into 88 activity groups, it has determined the furniture sector as 18th in terms of the number of workplaces, 26th in terms of the number of employees, 19th in terms of occupational accidents and 25th in terms of occupational diseases, shows the necessity of investigating the working conditions of the furniture industry in Turkey in detail. In this study; in order to define the occupational hazards on employee health arising from the furniture production processes, of a chosen facility producing wooden furniture in Tekirdag were examined for 4 months. The data obtained as a result of defining and measuring the main workplace hazards and periodic health surveillance data, including the health reports of the employees, were evaluated together with the help of the Occupational Physician of the facility and the impact of the main workplace impacts of the investigated production process on employee health was defined. As a result of the study; it has been understood that the change in workplace air quality may have significant effects on employee health. It has been clearly seen that among these effects, especially the noise factor, is a main factor that occurs frequently on the furniture industry workers and causes different levels of influence. In addition, although workplace dust factor, which can occur at different intensities in different steps of the production processes due to the raw material, remains at a low level with preventive measures such as the use of dust collection systems in the facility, the dermatitis-type effects caused by these dusts on the skin can be visibly noticed, however, it was understood that adequate controls and necessary health screenings for diagnosis could not be made within the facility. On the other hand, no serious health problems have been identified due to exposure to chemicals used in the facility. In the future, detailed scientific studies on the reduction and elimination of noise and dust factors , which are determined to be the most important workplace environment effects in this enterprise , and the definition of good practices will also guide the facilities that produce similar products.

Destekleyen Kurum

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Proje Numarası

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Teşekkür

Authors so many thanks to the Eresbosen Occupational Safety Quality and Consultancy Firm employees who enabled us to work at the facility under review, Total Quality Management Assistant Manager Talat Öncüler and Integrated Management Systems Manager Saliha Kaya who enable us to make our meausrements and to share integrated management system’s documents that we needed at the investigated facility and provided all kinds of support, respectively.

Kaynakça

  • [1] Social Security Institution Statistical Yearbook, 2011-2013 SGK Statistical Yearbooks. http://www.sgk.gov.tr/wps/portal/tr/kurumsal/istatistikler. (Date of Access:06.12.2021)
  • [2] T.R. Ministry of Labor and Social Security, Labor Inspection Board Presidency, Programmatic Inspection General Evaluation Report Based on Fire and Explosion Risks in the Machinery Used in Furniture Manufacturing in the Siteler Region and the Polyester (Polish, Paint, Lacquer) Sector, 2012, Page: 28-30,42-44,103- 109,
  • [3] Furniture Industry Report, Sectoral Reports and Analysis Series, 2020, T.R. Mınıstry Of Industry And Technology. . https://www.sanayi.gov.tr/assets/pdf/plan-program/MobilyaSektorRaporu2020.pdf (Date of Access:06.12.2021)
  • [4] Employer's Guide in terms of Furniture Industry Social Security Legislation, Social Security Institution, GK Guidance and Inspection Presidency, 2015. https://www.tesk.org.tr/resimler/1Agac.pdf. (Date of Access:06.12.2021).
  • [5] Occupational Health and Safety Law, Official Gazette dated 30.06.2012 and numbered 28339.
  • [6] Hazard Classes List Communiqué on Occupational Health and Safety, Official Gazette dated 26.12.2012 and numbered 28509.
  • [7] Working Life Statistics- Labor 2013 Year Statistics, 2014, General Directorate of Labor, ISBN 978-975-455-223-2, Ankara/Turkey.
  • [8] Furniture Industry, Economic Research Department, Türkiye İş Bankası (TİB) Publications, 2015. https://ekonomi.isbank.com.tr/ContentManagement/Documents/sr05_mobilyasektoru.pdf, (Date of Access:06.12.2021).
  • [9] U.S. Department Of Labor, Occupational Safety And Health Administration (OSHA), 1999. A Guide For Protecting Workers From Woodworking Hazards, pp.:2, 31, 40-42 https://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3157.pdf (Date of Access:06.12.2021).
  • [10] International Labour Organization, Encyclopaeda Of Occupational Health And Safety, Part 13 – Manufacturing Industries, Chapter 86 – Woodworking.http://Www.İlocis.Org/Documents/Chpt86e.Htm#Jd_Ch86_2 (Date of Access:06.12.2021).
  • [11] Health and Safety Executive, Example Risk Assessment For A Woodworking Company, 2013. http://www.hse.gov.uk/risk/casestudies/pdf/woodworking.pdf (Date of Access:06.12.2021).
  • [12] Turan, G., 2013. Evaluation of Major Environmental Impacts Encountered in the Furniture Production Process in terms of Employee Health, Namık Kemal University, Institute of Science and Technology, Master Thesis,Tekirdağ, 2013.
  • [13] Bekircan E., 2007. Effects of process conditions on dispersion quality and paint properties in water-based paints, Master Thesis, Kocaeli University, Page:5-11, Kocaeli.
  • [14] Ministry of Labor and Social Security, General Directorate of Occupational Health and Safety, ISGIP Occupational Diseases and Work-Related Diseases Diagnosis Guide, Pages: 99-102, 133-139, 299-300. https://www.csgb.gov.tr/medias/4597/rehber20.pdf (Date of Access:06.12.2021).
  • [15] T.R. Ministry of Labor and Social Security, General Directorate of Occupational Health and Safety, ISGIP Project (2010-2012) Health Surveillance Guide in Working Life, Page:115-145.
  • [16] International Agency for Research on Cancer, Occupatıonal Exposure As A Painter, Iarc Monographs Volume 98 http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/vol98/mono98-6.pdf (Date of Access:06.12.2021).
  • [17] Çelenk Kaya E., Ölmezoğlu İri N.İ., Pedis K., 2020. Identification of Risks and Sample Risk Analysis Study in a Wood and Furniture Manufacturing Workplace, Gümüşhane University Journal of Health Sciences, 9(1): 25 – 35.
  • [18] Gengörü T., 2006. Structural Problems of Small Scale Furniture Finishing Workshops. Master's Thesis, Gazi University, Institute of Science and Technology, Ankara.
  • [19] TS 2607 ISO 1997, Acoustics-Determination of the noise exposure in the workplace and the estimation standard of the hearing loss caused by this noise.
  • [20] TSE - TS ISO 16200-1, Workplace air quality-Sampling and analysis- of volatile organic compounds by solvent desorption/gas chromatography-Part 1:Pumped sampling method.
  • [21] US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods. Cincinnati: NIOSH; [accessed 9 September]. 2014. www.cdc.gov/niosh/nmam. Guidelines for Air Sampling and Analytical Development and Evaluation (NIOSH Publ No 95-117).
  • [22] ISO 5349-1/TS ISO2631-2, Guidelines for the measurement and evaluation of hand-transmitted vibration at the workplace / Evaluation of human exposure to whole- body vibration- Part 2: Continious and shock- induced vibration in buildings (1 to 80 Hz)
  • [23] Cengiz N., 2002. The effects of chemicals used in the leather industry on worker and environmental health. Kocatepe Medical Journal, 3, pp.09-21.
  • [24] Aksakal F.N, Vaizoğlu S, Güler Ç.,2005. Chemicals and Health Effects in Furniture, TTB Journal of Continuing Medicine Education, 14, pp:272.
  • [25] Podniece Z.,2012. Risk assessment in textile industry: an european approach. Risk assessment seminar on textile industry, European Agency for safety and health, Çorlu.
  • [26] Tomak ED, Yıldız Ü.C.,2010. Chemical Modification of Wood. III. National Black Sea Forestry Congress, 4, pp.1681-1690, Trabzon.
  • [27] Göktaş O, Mammadov R, Duru ME, Baysal E. Çolak AM, Özen E., 2006. Development of Environmentally Compatible Natural Coloring and Preservative Wood Top Surface Treatment Paints from Various Tree and Herbaceous Plant Extracts and Determination of Color Values, www.ekoloji.com.tr/resimler/60-3.pdf (Date of Access:06.12.2021).
  • [28] Örnek Z., 2004. Investigation of Respiratory System Symptoms, Skin Test, Free Radical, Antioxidant and Serum Prolidase Activity Levels in Cotton Spinning Factory Workers. Specialization thesis, Süleyman Demirel University, Department of Chest Diseases, Isparta.
  • [29] Sahidi B.S. 2007. Study of Safety Improvement For Wood Dust Hazard In Furniture Production Line. Universiti Teknikal Malaysia melaka. Degree of bachelor of Manifacturing Engineering.
  • [30] Camkurt MZ., 2007. The Effect of Workplace Working System and Workplace Physical Factors on Work Accidents. Kamu-İş Journal of Labor Law and Economics, 20(1),pp.81-106.
  • [31] Sabancı A., Sümer SK., 2011. Ergonomics, Nobel Publications, p.472, Ankara.
  • [32] Regulation On The Protection Of Employees From Vibration-Related Risks published in the Official Gazette dated 22.08.2013 and numbered 28743.
Toplam 32 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Gülsüm Turan Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-6176-4790

Günay Yıldız Töre 0000-0002-7899-3917

Proje Numarası -
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Aralık 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 6 Aralık 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021