Pharmaceuticals and Their Potential Impact on Ecsystems

Öz

The health sector is one of the most active, comprehensive and fast-growing sectors in the world, based on its main areas of activity related to human health and life. In today's world, the most important working subject of the sector, which is gaining more importance and expanding every day, is pharmaceuticals, which are also its most important component. Pharmaceuticals, which represent a very comprehensive product group with very different properties regarding their areas of use and purposes, are generally defined as high value-added chemicals with complex structural properties, designed and produced to interact with biological systems for use in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases. The functions of the products and their features accordingly cause the production processes to be multi-step and difficult. Pharmaceuticals, which are the end products of a process often characterized by the pressure they create on natural resources and their intense polluting effects, are of great importance in terms of the environmental sustainability efforts of the sector. This situation is largely due to the fact that pharmaceutical pollution continues after production, both through the use of the products and in their unused forms. Pharmaceuticals, which diffuse into the environment from many direct or indirect sources, are now considered a new group of pollutants of concern due to their properties, persistence and dispersal tendencies. In this study, the environmental impacts of pharmaceuticals were evaluated by considering them together with the sectoral structure they are involved in, production, product characteristics and biotransformation processes.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ecosystem
• Pharmaceutical
• Metabolite
• Pollutant
• Healthcare sector.

Farmasötikler ve Ekosistem Üzerindeki Potansiyel Etkileri

Öz

Sağlık sektörü, insan sağlığı ve hayatıyla ilişkili temel faaliyet alanlarına bağlı olarak tüm dünyada en aktif, kapsamlı ve hızlı büyüyen sektörlerden birisidir. Günümüz dünyasında her geçen gün daha da önem kazanan ve genişleyen sektörün en önemli çalışma konusu aynı zamanda en önemli bileşeni de olan farmasötiklerdir. Kullanım alanları ve amaçları ile ilgili çok farklı özelliklere sahip oldukça kapsamlı bir ürün grubunu temsil eden farmasötikler genel olarak hastalıkların önlenmesi, teşhisi ve tedavisinde kullanılmak üzere biyolojik sistemlerle etkileşime girecek şekilde tasarlanan ve üretilen, karmaşık yapısal özelliklere sahip, katma değeri yüksek kimyasallar olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Ürünlerin fonksiyonları buna bağlı olarak da söz konusu özellikleri, üretim süreçlerinin çok adımlı ve zorlu olmasına yol açmaktadır. Çoğunlukla doğal kaynaklar üzerinde oluşturdukları baskı ve yoğun kirletici etkileri ile karakteriz edilen bir prosesin nihai ürünleri olan farmasötikler, sektörün çevresel sürdürülebilirlik çalışmaları açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu durum büyük ölçüde farmasötik kaynaklı kirliliğin üretim sonrasında da gerek ürünlerin kullanımı, gerekse kullanım dışı kalan formlarıyla devam etmesinden ileri gelmektedir. Doğrudan veya dolaylı pek çok kaynaktan çevreye yayılan farmasötikler, günümüzde özellikleri, kalıcılıkları ve yayılma eğilimleri ile endişe verici yeni bir kirletici grubu olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada farmasötiklerin çevresel etkileri dahil oldukları sektörel yapı, üretim, ürün özellikleri ve biyotransformasyon süreçleriyle birlikte ele alınarak değerlendirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ekosistem
• Farmasötik
• Metabolit
• Kirletici
• Sağlık sektörü.

Kaynakça

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