Effects of Different Thinning Grades on the Spatial Structure of Pure Black Pine Stands

Abstract

Abstract

Black pine is very widely distributed in Turkey, with most stands managed by periodic harvesting to meet domestic wood demand. However, scientific knowledge about the spatial structure of stands after thinning is lacking. To correct this deficiency, 12 pure black pine stands in the Alaçam Mountains between 61 and 95 years of age were investigated. The stands were mapped according to spatial tree distribution and thinning grades were determined by both number of trees per hectare and basal area. The numbers of trees in the stands were between 590 and 2163 (before thinning) and between 269 and 1422 (after thinning). Spatial-structure analyses were carried out before and after thinning using a pair correlation function. Graphical illustrations were extracted and visually assessed. In addition, the total areas below and above the theoretical line (g=1) of the pair correlation functions were calculated, and the effects of thinning on these were determined. No change was observed in the slightly thinned sample stands (17, 35, 38, and 56) and only slight changes in the moderately thinned stands (18, 21, 49. and 53). The most striking differences were detected in the intensively thinned stands (59, 68, 76, and 78). Regular areas have increased in parallel with increased thinning applications. In other respects; clustered areas did not decrease along with the increased thinning. The pair correlation function provides a comprehensive explanation of the effects of thinning on stand spatial structure.

Keywords

• Black Pine, Function area, Pair correlation, Spatial point process, Thinning

EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT THINNING GRADES ON THE SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF PURE BLACK PINE STANDS

Öz

Türkiye’de karaçam çok yaygın olmakla birlikte meşcerelerinin çoğunda yerel talebi karşılamak için dönemsel hasat yapılmaktadır. Yalnız aralama işleminden sonra meşcerenin mekânsal yapısı hakkında bilimsel bulgular yeterli olarak bulunmamaktadır. Bu eksikliği gidermek için Alaçam Dağlarında yaşları 61 ile 95 arasında bireyler bulunan 12 saf karaçam meşceresinde incelemeler yapılmıştır. Ağaçların mekânsal dağlımı ve aralama derecesine göre haritalandırılan meşcereler hem göğüs yüzeyi alanı hem de hektar başına düşen ağaç sayısına göre belirlenmiştir. Meşcerelerdeki ağaç sayısı aralama işleminden önce 590 ile 2163 iken, işlemden sonra 269 ile 1422’ye düşmüştür. Aralamadan önce ve sonra olmak üzere mekânsal yapı analizleri ikili korelasyon fonksiyonu kullanarak yapılmıştır. Grafiksel gösterimler üretilmiş ve görsel değerlendirmeleri yapılmıştır. Ayrıca ikili korelasyon teorik çizginin (g=1) altında ve üstünde olan toplam alanlar hesaplanmış ve aralamanın bunların üzerindeki etkileri belirlenmiştir. Aralamanın az yapıldığı meşcerelerde (17, 35, 38 ve 56) değişikliğe rastlanmayıp, orta düzeyde aralamanın yapıldığı meşcerelerde (18, 21, 49 ve 53) ise küçük değişikliğe tanık olunmuştur. En büyük fark ise aralamanın yoğun yapıldığı meşcerelerde (59, 68, 76 ve 78) görülmüştür. Düzenli (homojen dağılım gösteren) alanlar artan aralama uygulamasına paralel olarak artmıştır. Diğer bir deyişle kümelenmiş bölgeler seyreltmenin arttırılması ile azalmamıştır. İkili korelasyon fonksiyonu seyreltmenin meşcere konumsal yapısı üzerinde kapsamlı bilgi vermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Karaçam, İkili korelasyon, Mekânsal nokta süreci, Aralama

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