Dağıtık Defter Teknolojileri ve Uygulama Alanları Üzerine Bir İnceleme

Öz

Dağıtık defter teknolojisi verilerin dağıtık olarak saklandığı ve yönetildiği yeni bir yaklaşım sunmaktadır. Mevcut merkezi sistemler güvenlik, güvenilirlik ve kesintisiz çalışma konusunda sorunludur. Verilerin tek bir noktada tutulması sunucuların siber saldırılara açık bir merkez haline getirilmesine neden olmaktadır. Bunun yanında merkezi sunucuların yöneticileri veya saldırganlar verileri manipüle edebilmektedir. İnternete bağlı cihazların sayısının artmasıyla merkezi sunucuların tüm istekleri karşılayabilmesi giderek zorlaşmaktadır. Tüm bu problemleri gidermek için dağıtık defter teknolojisinin kullanıldığı çalışmalar artmaktadır. Dağıtık defter teknolojisinde veriler dağıtık olarak tutulduğu için tek bir saldırı noktası oluşmamakta ve veriler hiçbir katılımcı tarafından değiştirilememektedir. Katılımcılar birbirleri arasında merkezi bir sunucu olmadan aracısız işlem yapabileceği için işlem yoğunluğu ne kadar fazla olursa olsun sistem kesintisiz olarak çalışabilmektedir. Dağıtık defter teknolojisinin teknik olarak açıklandığı ilk makale 1991 yılında yayımlanmıştır. İlk yaygın kullanımı 2008 yılında ortaya çıkan Bitcoin kripto parasıdır. Bitcoin, küresel finans sisteminin çöktüğü 2008 yılında Satoshi Nakamoto tarafından geliştirilen aracısız ve güvenli ödeme sistemidir. Bitcoin kripto parasının popüler hale gelmesi ile birlikte arkasındaki dağıtık defter teknolojisi olan blok zinciri ile ilgili farklı sektörlere yönelik çalışmalar yapılmaya başlanmıştır. Yapılan çalışmalarda blok zinciri teknolojisinin hız ve ölçeklenebilirlik açısında yeterli olmadığının görülmesi nedeniyle Hashgraph, Tangle, Holochain ve Tempo dağıtık defter teknolojileri geliştirilmiştir. Bu makalede mevcut dağıtık defter teknolojileri ile savunma, siber güvenlik, sigorta, tedarik zinciri, dijital hak yönetimi, sağlık, enerji ve finans alanlarında nasıl kullanılabileceği açıklanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Dağıtık Defter Teknolojisi
• Blok Zinciri
• Hashgraph
• Tangle
• Holochain
• Tempo
• Dağıtık Defter Teknolojileri Uygulamaları
• Savunma
• Siber Güvenlik
• Tedarik Zinciri
• Dijital Hak Yönetimi
• Sağlık
• Enerji
• Finans

A Survey of Distributed Ledger Technologies and Application Areas

Öz

Distributed ledger technology offers a new approach in which data is stored and managed in distributed. Centralized systems are problem in terms of security, reliability and uninterrupted operation. Data keeping in single point causes center servers to become open to cyber attacks. In addition administrators of central servers or attackers can manipulate data. With the increase in the number of devices connected to the Internet, it is increasingly difficult for central servers to answer all requests. In order to solve all these problems, studies using distributed ledger technology are increasing. Distributed ledger technology, there is no single point of failure because the data is kept in a distributed and data can’t be changed by any participant. The system can operate uninterruptedly, no matter how high the transaction density as the participants can transact between each other without a central server. The first article describing the distributed ledger technology technically was published in 1991. The first widespread use is Bitcoin, which emerged in 2008. Bitcoin is without intermediary and secure payment system developed by Satoshi Nakamoto in 2008, when the global financial system collapsed. The popularization of Bitcoin cryptocurrency, studies on different sectors related to blockchain which is distributed ledger technology behind it have began. Blockchain technology due to the fact that is not sufficient in terms of speed and scalability, Hashgraph, Tangle, Holochain and Tempo distributed ledger technologies have been developed. In this article explains with existing distributed ledger technologies and defence, cybersecurity, insurance, supply chain, digital rights management, healthcare, energy and finance application areas.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Distributed Ledger Technology
• Blockchain
• Hashgraph
• Tangle
• Holochain
• Distributed Ledger Technlogy Applications
• Defence
• Cyber Security
• Supply Chain
• Digital Right Management
• Health
• Energy
• Finance

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