Güneş Damıtıcıları Kullanımı ile Atmosfer Havasından İçilebilir Su Çıkarılması Üzerine Literatür İncelemesi: Son Gelişmeler

Öz

İçme suyu ve kullanma suyu, içme, yemek pişirme ve temizlik başta olmak üzere pek çok yaşamsal ihtiyaçların karşılanmasında vazgeçilmez bir unsurdur. Bilinçsiz tarımsal sulama, kirlilik ve nüfus artışı insanlığın baş etmek zorunda kaldığı su kıtlığına neden olmaktadır. Küresel ısınma ve iklim değişikliği sonucu özellikle içilebilir su miktarı azalmaktadır ve temiz su kaynaklarına erişimi zorlaştırmaktadır. İçme suyu kaynaklarının doluluğu yüksek sıcaklığın yaşandığı mevsimlerde azalmakta ve hatta bir kısmı yok olmaktadır. Bu durum içme suyu elde etmek için alternatif yöntemlerin araştırılmasını zorunlu hale getirmiştir. Bu yöntemlerden biri, yüksek miktarlarda su içeren atmosfer havasından içilebilir su elde edilmesidir. Bu yöntemin yaygın olarak kullanılması sayesinde içme suyu kıtlığı belirli ölçüde giderilebilir. Bu çalışmada, yenilenebilir enerji kaynağı olan güneş enerjisi kullanılarak atmosferik havadaki suyun yoğuşturulması ve böylelikle içilebilir suyun elde edilmesi prosesleri tartışılmıştır. Çeşitli absorbanlar kullanılarak ve çeşitli sistemsel güneş kurutucuları tasarımları sayesinde içilebilir suyu elde etme verimliliğini artırma çabalarının olumlu sonuçlar vermiştir. Yapılan bu literatür incelemesi sonucunda, yapılan çalışmaların sınırları ve bölgesel etkililikleri birlikte değerlendirilmiştir. Atmosfer havasının sıcaklı, hız, nem oranı ve de güneş ışınım miktarının prosese etkisi değerlendirilmiştir. Kalsiyum Klorür ve silika jel gibi iyi su absorberleri olan belirli kurutucu malzemelerin doğru tasarımlar geliştirilerek atmosfer havasından içilebilir su elde etme proseslerinde etkin olarak kullanılabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır. Su kıtlığının önemli bir nedeni olan yüksek atmosfer havası sıcaklığın güneş enerjisinden faydalanılarak dezavantajdan avantaja dönüştürülebileceği ortaya konmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Havadan içilebilir su üretimi
• Güneş enerjisi ile su üretimi
• Kurutucu
• Güneş damıtıcısı

A Literature Review on Extraction of Potable Water from Atmospheric Air Using Solar Stills: Recent Developments

Abstract

Drinking water and utility water are indispensable elements in meeting many vital needs, especially drinking, cooking and cleaning. Unconscious agricultural irrigation, pollution, and population growth cause water scarcity that humanity must cope with. As a result of global warming and climate change, especially the amount of potable water is decreasing, making it difficult to access clean water resources. The occupancy of drinking water sources decreases in high temperature seasons and some of them even disappear. This situation has made it necessary to search for alternative methods to obtain drinking water. One of these methods is to obtain potable water from atmospheric air containing high amounts of water. With the widespread use of this method, the scarcity of drinking water can be alleviated to a certain extent. In this study, the processes of condensing the water in the atmospheric air by using solar energy, which is a renewable energy source, and thus obtaining potable water are discussed. Efforts to increase the efficiency of obtaining potable water by using various absorbents and by various systemic solar still designs have yielded positive results. As a result of this literature review, the limits of the studies and their regional effectiveness were evaluated together. The effect of temperature, velocity, humidity of the atmospheric air and the amount of solar radiation on the process were evaluated. It has been concluded that certain desiccant materials with good water absorbers such as calcium chloride and silica gel can be used effectively in the processes of obtaining potable water from atmospheric air by developing correct designs. It has been demonstrated that high atmospheric air temperature, which is an important cause of water scarcity, can be converted from disadvantage to advantage by utilizing solar energy.

Keywords

• Potable water generation from air
• Solar water generation
• Desiccant
• Solar still

Kaynakça

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