As an Alternative Photocatalyst Under UV-A Irradiation for Food and Health Applications: Natural Melanin Nanoparticles

Abstract

Since finding of photocatalytic effect of metallic nanoparticles under UV irradiation, an innovative class of materials based on non-toxic nanoparticles have gathered enormous interest owing to their usability in food and health application. As a sustainable, biocompatible, biodegradable alternative to photocatalyst metallic nanoparticle, we demonstrated the photocatalytic activity of natural melanin nanoparticles under UV-A irridation for gram-negative bacterial strain, Escherichia coli (E. coli). Initially, nanosized melanin nanoparticles were extracted from natural source, cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) ink and their inactivation capability of generating reactive oxygen species including singlet oxygen under UV-A irradiation were detected with 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF). The antimicrobial efficacies of MNP with and without UV-A were investigated. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis and scanning electron spectroscopy (SEM) images showed that the diameter of MNP were found 214 ± 0.5 nm and 129 ± 30 nm, respectively. As a result of only one minute of light application, all of the DPBF in the environment was quenched, and it was proven that MNP gave free radicals to the environment under UV-A irradiation. The presence of MNP solution under 1-minute UV-A irradiation applied to the experimental groups at all concentrations significantly increased cellular inactivation compared to UV-A irradiation alone and the 200 µg/ml of MNP solution exposed to UV-A irradiation for 1-minute caused the cellular apoptosis to occur at the level of 70%, giving the best result in all groups.

Keywords

• Natural melanin nanoparticles
• UV-A irradiation
• Disinfection
• Photocatalyst

Gıda ve Sağlık Uygulamaları İçin UV-A Işıma Altında Alternatif Bir Fotokatalizör Olarak: Doğal Melanin Nanoparçacıkları

Öz

UV ışıması altında metalik nanoparçacıkların fotokatalitik etkisinin keşfedilmesinden bu yana, toksik olmayan nanoparçacıklara dayalı yenilikçi bir malzeme sınıfının geliştirilmesi, gıda ve sağlık uygulamalarında kullanılabilirlikleri nedeniyle büyük ilgi toplamıştır. Fotokatalizör metalik nanoparçacıklara sürdürülebilir, biyouyumlu, biyolojik olarak parçalanabilir bir alternatif olarak, bu çalışmada UV-A ışıması altında doğal melanin nanoparçacıklarının (MNP) fotokatalitik aktivitesi gram negatif bakteri suşu Escherichia coli (E. coli)’nin üzerinde gösterilmiştir. İlk olarak, nano boyutlu melanin nanoparçacıkları doğal kaynak mürekkep balığı (Sepia officinalis) mürekkebinden ekstrakte edilmiş ve UV-A ışıması altında singlet oksijen de dahil olmak üzere, reaktif oksijen türleri üretme inaktivasyon yetenekleri 1,3-difenilizobenzofuran (DPBF) ile tespit edilmiştir. UV-A içeren ve içermeyen MNP'nin antimikrobiyal etkinlikleri araştırılmıştır. Dinamik ışık saçılımı (DLS) analizi ve taramalı elektron spektroskopisi (SEM) görüntüleri, elde edilen MNP çapının sırasıyla 214 ± 0,5 nm ve 129 ± 30 nm olduğunu göstermiştir. Sadece bir dakikalık ışık uygulaması sonucunda ortamdaki DPBF'nin tamamının sönümlendiği ve MNP'nin UV-A ışıması altında ortama serbest radikaller verdiği kanıtlanmıştır. Tüm konsantrasyonlardaki deney gruplarına uygulanan bir dakikalık UV-A ışıma altındaki MNP çözeltisinin varlığı, tek başına UV-A ışıması ile kıyaslandığında belirgin seviyede hücresel inaktivasyonu arttırdığı gözlemlenmiştir. Bir dakikalık uygulama hücresel apoptozun %70 düzeyinde gerçekleşmesine neden olmuş ve tüm gruplar içerisinde en iyi sonucu vermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Doğal melanin nanoparçacıkları
• UV-A Işıma
• Dezenfeksiyon
• Fotokatalizör

Kaynakça

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