OECD ve BRIICS ülkeleri başta olmak üzere gelişmekte olan ülkelerde araştırmacıların ve Ar-Ge harcamalarının inovasyon çıktıları olarak patent tescillerine ve yüksek teknoloji ihracatına etkisi

Öz

OECD ve BRIICS ülkeleri de dahil olmak üzere on gelişmekte olan ülkeler için 2020 yılı verileri ile yapılan korelasyon testleri (Pearson Correlation ve Spearman's rho) analizine göre, Ar-Ge harcamaları, patentler ve DYY'nin yüksek teknoloji ihracatı ile yüksek derecede bir ilişkisi var iken, yüksek teknoloji ihracatı ve araştırmacılar arasında düşük bir pozitif ilişki vardır. Ham verilerin Granger nedensellik testi ile yapılan analizde sadece araştırmacıların Ar-Ge'ye neden olduğu görülmektedir. Toda Yamamota nedensellik testi (Wald testi) sonucuna göre patentler ve DYY yüksek teknoloji ihracatına neden olur. Ar-Ge ve araştırmacılar da patentlere neden oluyor. Araştırmacıların ve Ar-Ge'nin patent tescili ile sonuçlanması ve patentlerin de yüksek teknoloji ihracatında artışa neden olacağı söylenebilir. EKK sonuçları, yüksek teknoloji ihracatı ve patentler arasında, Ar-Ge harcamaları ile DYY arasında yeterli bir ilişki olduğunu gösterirken, yüksek teknoloji ihracatı ve araştırmacılar arasında bulunmadığını göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yüksek teknoloji ihracatı
• Ar-Ge
• Patentler
• İnovasyon (Yenilik)
• Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımlar (FDI)

The effect of the researchers, research and development expenditure as innovation inputs on patent grants and high-tech exports as innovation outputs in OECD and emerging countries especially in BRIICS

Abstract

According to the correlation tests (Pearson Correlation and Spearman's rho) analysis with the cross-section data for forty-eight countries of OECD and some emerging countries including BRIICS countries, R&D expenditures, patents and FDI have high positive effect on high-tech exports and there is a low positive relationship with high-tech exports and researchers. For causality analysis of raw data with Granger causality test it is seen that only researchers does Granger cause R&D. For Toda Yamamota causality test (Wald test) patents and FDI cause high-tech exports. R&D and researchers cause patents too. It can be said that researchers and R&D end up with patent grants and patents will cause an increase in high-tech exports. The results of the OLS does show an adequate relationship between high-tech exports and patents, between R&D expenditures and FDI while high-tech exports and researchers do not have.

Keywords

• High-tech exports
• R&D
• Patents
• Innovation
• FDI

Kaynakça

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