Identification of Some Characteristic Features of Hawthorn (Crataegus Orientalis subsp) seed and Fatty Acid Component Characterization of Seed Oil

Abstract

Hawthorn, which grows in nature as a wild plant, is a significant fruit for human health. In this study, the characterization of the kernels' shell and inner seeds obtained from the Hekimhan district of Malatya province carried out. It was determined that the whole kernel with the shell contains 14% inner weight core, and the inner seed contains 49.40% oil by weight. It was determined that the inner core includes 5.91% moisture and 4.56% ash by weight. The protein content of the inner core was determined to be 41.25% by weight on a dry basis. When the inner core fatty acid composition examined, it was determined that the saturated fatty acids were 11.67%, the monounsaturated fatty acids were 38.92%, and the polyunsaturated fatty acids were 48.24%. In addition, it has been determined that the hawthorn seed shell has a semi-crystalline cellulosic structure

Keywords

• Hawthorn
• seed
• fatty acid

Alıç (Crataegus Orientalis subsp) Çekirdeğinin Bazı Karakteristik Özellikleri ve Çekirdek Yağının Yağ Asidi Bileşen Karakterizasyonu

Öz

Doğada yabani bir bitki olarak yetişen alıç, insan sağlığı için önemli bir meyvedir. Bu çalışmada Malatya ili Hekimhan ilçesinden elde edilen çekirdeklerin kabuk ve iç tohumlarının karakterizasyonu yapılmıştır. Kabuklu bütün çekirdeğin ağırlıkça %14 iç çekirdek, iç çekirdeğin ise ağırlıkça %49.40 yağ içerdiği belirlenmiştir. İç çekirdek ağırlıkça %5,91 nem ve %4,56 kül içermektedir. İç çekirdeğin protein içeriği, kuru bazda ağırlıkça %41.25 olarak belirlenmiştir. İç çekirdek yağ asidi bileşimi incelendiğinde doymuş yağ asitleri oranı %11,67, tekli doymamış yağ asitleri %38,92 ve çoklu doymamış yağ asitleri %48,24 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca alıç tohum kabuğunun yarı kristal selülozik bir yapıya sahip olduğu saptanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Alıç
• çekirdek
• yağ asiti
• karakterizasyon

Kaynakça

1. Guangyan, Pan., Guoyong, Yu., Chuanhe, Zhu., Julin, Qiao., 2012. Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of flavonoids compounds(FC) from hawthorn seed (HS). Ultrason Sonochem. 19(3), 486-490, 2012.
2. Bayar, E., Deligöz, A., Alıç (Crataegus monogyna Jacq.) fidanlarının morfolojisi ve kök gelişme potansiyeli üzerinde yetiştirme sıklığının etkisi. Turk J For. 17 (1), 7-11, 2016.
3. Calışkan, O., Gunduz, K., Serce, S., Toplu, C., Phytochemical characterization of several hawthorn (Crataegus spp.) species sampled from the Eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey. Pharmacogn Mag. 8 (29),16-21, 2012.
4. Chang, Q., Zuo, Z., Harrison, F., Chow, M.S., Hawthorn. J Clin Pharmacol.42, 605–612, 2002.
5. Zhang, Z., Chang, Q., Zhu, M., Huang, Y., Walter, K.K.H., Chen, Z.Y., Characterization of antioxidants present in hawthorn fruits. J Nutr Biochem. 12, 144–151, 2001.
6. Niu,, Z., Yan, M., Zhao, X., Jin, H., Gong, Y., Effect of hawthorn seed extract on the gastrointestinal function of ratswith diabetic gastroparesis. S. Afr. J. Bot. 130, 448-455, 2020.
7. Can, Ö.D., Özkay, Ü.D., Öztürk, N., Öztürk, Y., Effects of hawthorn seed and pulp extracts on the central nervous system. Pharm. Biol. 48(8), 924-931, 2010.
8. Peng, Y., Lou, L.L., Liu, S.F., Zhou, L., Huang, X.X., Song, S.J., Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory neolignans from the seeds of hawthorn. Bioorg& Med. Chem.Lett. 26, 5501-5506, 2016.

9. Parry, J., Su, L., Luther, M., Zhou, K., Yurawecz, M.P., Whittaker, P., Yu, L., Fatty acid composition and antioxidant properties of cold-pressed marionberry, boysenberry, red raspberry and blueberry seed oil. J Agric Food Chem. 53, 566–573, 2005.
10. Maillard, V., Bougnoux, P., Ferrari, P., Jourdan, M.L., Pinault, M., Lavillonniere, F., Body, G., Le Floch, O., Chajes, V., n-3 and n-6 fatty acids in breast adipose tissue andrelative risk of breast cancer in a case-control study in Tours France. Int J Cancer. 98, 78–83, 2002.
11. AACC, American Association of Cereal Chemists: Approved Methods of the AACC (8th ed.) The Association: St. Paul, MN, (2000).
12. AOCS (1989) Official Methods and Recommended Practices of the American Oil Chemist, (1989).
13. Ozcan, M., Haciseferogullari, H., Marakoglu, T., Arslan, D., Hawthorn (Crataegus spp.) fruit: some physical and chemical properties. J Food Eng. 69, 409–413, 2005.
14. Anwar, F., Przybylski, R., Rudzinska, M., Gruczynska, E., Bain, J., Fatty Acid, Tocopherol and Sterol Compositions of Canadian Prairie Fruit Seed Lipids. J Am Oil Chem Soc, 85, 953–959, 2008.
15. Ozderin S, Fakir H, Dönmez E., Chemical properties of hawthorn (Crataegus l. spp.) taxa naturally distributed in western anatolia part of Turkey. Šumarski list, 7–8, 369–376, 2016.
16. Uzdil, Z., Saka, M. Yağ Asitlerinin İnflamasyonla İlişkili Süreçlere Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi, Bes Diy Derg, 48(2): 68-74, 2020.
17. Løvik, M., Marchelli, R., Martin, A., Moseley, B., Berg, H. Van Den, Loveren, H. Van. ALA and LA and growth and development of children. Scientific substantiation of a health claim related to alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic, acid and groeth and development of children pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006. (1924):1–8, 2009.
18. Djuricic, I and Calder, P.C. Beneficial Outcomes of Omega-6 and Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Human Health: An Update for 2021. Nutrients, 13, 2421, 2021.
19. Sacks, F.M., Campos, H.. Polyunsaturated fatty acids, inflammation, and cardiovascular disease: time to widen our view of the mechanisms. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 91, 398-400, 2006.
20. Hu, F.B., Manson, J.E., Stampfer, M.J., Colditz, G., Liu, S., Solomon, C.G., Willett, W.C., Diet, lifestyle, and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in women. N Engl J Med, 345, 790-7, 2001.
21. Konukoğlu, D., Omega-3 ve omega-6 yağ asitlerinin özellikleri, etkileri ve kardiyovasküler hastalıklar ile ilişkileri. Türk Aile Hek Derg, 12(3): 121-129, 2008.
22. Alonso-Calderón, A., Chávez-Bravo, E., Rivera, A., Montalvo-Paquini, C.,Arroyo-Tapia R., Monterrosas Santamaria M., Jiménez-Salgado T., Tapia-Hernández A., Characterization of black chia seed (Salvia hispanica L) and oil and quantification of β-sitosterol, Int. Res. J. Biol. Sci. 2(1), 70-72, 2013.
23. Marsiñach, M.S., Cuenca, A.P., The impact of sea buckthorn oil fatty acids on human health, Solà Marsiñach and Cuenca Lipids Health Dis., 18, 145, 2-11, 2019.
24. Orhan, I., Özcelik, B., Karta,l M., Ozdeveci, B., Duman, H. 2007. HPLC Quantification of vitexine-2-O rhamnoside and hyperoside in three Crataegus species and their antimicrobial and antiviral activities Chromatog. 66: S153-S157.
25. Ferrer, A., Alciaturi. C., Faneite, A.M., Rios. J., Analyses of biomass fibers by XRD, FT-IR, and NIR. Analytical Techniques And Methods For Biomass, Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 45 S. Vaz Jr. (ed.), 2016.
26. Ouilly, J.T., Bazongo, P., Bougma, A., Kaboré, N., Lykke, A.M., Ouédraogo, A., Nestor Bassolé. I.H., Chemical composition, physicochemical characteristics, and nutritional value of lannea kerstingii seeds and seed oil. J. Anal. Meh. Chem. Article ID 2840718, 2017