Akkermansia muciniphila: Could It Be a New Alternative to Prevention from Obesity and Diabetes?

Öz

Akkermansia muciniphila is one of the members of the gastrointestinal microbiota which has been recently isolated from the human fecal sample and attracted attention. The results obtained from scientific studies suggest that Akkermansia muciniphila may be an alternative solution to today's important health problems such as diabetes and obesity. This effect of Akkermansia result from the reduction of metabolic endotoxemia by modulating the mucus thickness and intestinal barrier integrity positively by the ability to degrade the mucin. Akkermansia is also effective by increasing the secretion of GLP-1 which stimulates insulin secretion. Nutritional habits of people, alcohol consumption, metmorphine and antibiotic treatments are among the factors that directly affect the density of Akkermansia in the intestine. It was determined that the polyphenol, probiotic and prebiotic contents of the foods included in the diets of individuals had effects on the number of Akkermansia. The aim of this review is to evaluate the factors affecting the importance and activity of Akkermansia muciniphila in intestinal flora. In addition, it is aimed to compile the literature data on mechanism of the action of Akkermansia muciniphila on obesity and diabetes.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Gastrointestinal microbiota
• Akkermansia muciniphila
• Diabetes mellitus
• Obesite

Akkermansia muciniphila: Obezite ve Diyabetten Korunmada Yeni Bir Alternatif Olabilir mi?

Öz

Akkermansia muciniphila, insan fekal örneğinden yakın tarihte izole edilen ve dikkatleri üzerine çeken gastrointestinal mikrobiyota üyelerinden biridir. Bilimsel çalışmalardan elde edilen sonuçlar, Akkermansia muciniphila’ nın diyabet ve obezite gibi günümüzün önemli sağlık sorunlarına karşı alternatif bir çözüm olabileceğini düşündürmektedir. Akkermansia’ nın bu etkisi, müsini degrade edebilme yeteneği sayesinde mukus kalınlığını ve bağırsak bariyer bütünlüğünü pozitif şekilde modüle ederek metabolik endotoksemiyi azaltmasından kaynaklanmaktadır. Akkermansia insülin salgılanmasını uyaran GLP-1 hormonunu sekresyonunu arttırarak da etkili olmaktadır. İnsanların beslenme alışkanlıkları, alkol tüketimi, metmorfin ve antibiyotik tedavileri bağırsaktaki Akkermansia yoğunluğunu birebir etkileyen faktörler arasındadır. Bireylerin diyetlerinde yer alan gıdaların polifenol, probiyotik ve prebiyotik içeriklerinin de Akkermansia sayısı üzerine etkilerinin olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu derlemenin amacı, Akkermansia muciniphila’ nın bağırsak florasındaki önemi ve aktivitesi üzerine etkili faktörlerin değerlendirilmesidir. Ayrıca, Akkermansia muciniphila’ nın obezite ve diyabet üzerine etki mekanizması konusundaki literatür verilerinin derlenmesi hedeflenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Gastrointestinal mikrobiyota
• Akkermansia muciniphila
• Diyabetes mellitus

Kaynakça

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