Identification of Powdery Mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici) Resistance in Some Durum Wheat Landraces

Abstract

One of the most important diseases of wheat affecting yield and quality negatively is powdery mildew. It is seen very often in spring in regions with high humiditiy and using pesticides to control the disease is not economical.

In this study, 49 durum wheat land races collected from different regions of Turkey were used. In addition, five registered wheat cultivars (Çeşit–1252, Gediz–75, Bezostaja–1, Tahirova–2000 and Sofu) were used as controls. Reaction types of the land races infected with a collection of powdery mildew spores obtained from different locations and representing possible races of the pathogen were determined. As a result, only one land race (TR 31729), was found to have race specific resistance.

 

Keywords

• Durum Wheat,Triticum durum,Land Race,Powdery Mildew,Erysiphe graminis

Bazı Yerel Makarnalık Buğday Çeşitlerinde Küllemeye (Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici) Karşı Dayanıklılığın Belirlenmesi

Öz

Buğdayın verim ve kalitesini olumsuz yönde etkileyen en önemli hastalıklardan biriside Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici’nin neden olduğu külleme hastalığıdır. Külleme, bahar döneminde nemin en yüksek olduğu bölgelerde sık görülen, ekonomik olarak ilaçlı mücadelesi olmayan bir hastalıktır.

Makarnalık buğdayın önemli gen kaynaklarından olan bazı yerel makarnalık buğday çeşitlerinin küllemeye karşı dayanıklılıklarının belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülen bu araştırmada Türkiye’nin farklı bölgelerden toplanmış olan 49 adet yerel makarnalık buğday çeşidi ve kontrol amacıyla Çeşit 1252, Gediz 75, Bezostaja, Tahirova-2000 ve Sofu çeşitleri kullanılmıştır. Farklı lokasyonlardan toplanan ve Türkiye’deki muhtemel ırkları temsil eden külleme sporları ile inoküle edilmiş yerel çeşitlerin hastalığa karşı gösterdikleri reaksiyon tipleri belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak küllemeye karşı bir yerel çeşidin (TR 31729) tek gen dayanıklılığına sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Makarnalık Buğday,Triticum durum,Yerel Çeşit,Külleme,Blumeria graminis

Kaynakça

1. Alam, M. A., Wang, C., & Ji, W. (2013). Chromosomal location and SSR markers of a powdery mildew resistance gene in common wheat line N0308. African journal of Microbiology Research, 7(6), 477-482.
2. Allard, R. W., & Bradshaw, A. D. (1964). Implications of genotype-environmental interactions in applied plant breeding 1. Crop science, 4(5), 503-508.
3. Sönmezoğlu, Ö. A., Yıldırım, A., Güleç, T. E., & Kandemir, N. (2010). Markör Destekli Seleksiyonun Bugday Islahında Kullanımı. Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 2010(1), 105-112.
4. Cao, X., Luo, Y., Zhou, Y., Duan, X., & Cheng, D. (2013). Detection of powdery mildew in two winter wheat cultivars using canopy hyperspectral reflectance. Crop Protection, 45, 124-131.
5. Chen, P. D., Qi, L. L., Zhou, B., Zhang, S. Z., & Liu, D. J. (1995). Development and molecular cytogenetic analysis of wheat-Haynaldia villosa 6VS/6AL translocation lines specifying resistance to powdery mildew. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 91(6-7), 1125-1128.
6. Clarke J., Marchylo, B., Noll, J., & Mc Caig, T (1996). The Screening of Durum Wheats for Pasta Quality: The Canadian System. 5th International Wheat Conference Abstracts, 10-14 Haziran 1996, 233-234 s., Ankara.
7. Cowger, C., Mehra, L., Arellano, C., Meyers, E., & Murphy, J. P. (2018). Virulence differences in Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici from the central and eastern United States. Phytopathology, 108(3), 402-411.
8. Demir, İ., Yüce, S., Bilgen, G., Tanyolaç, B., Oğuz, & İ. (1999). Bazı Genotiplerin Tanımlanmasında DNA Parmak İzlerinin Kullanılması Üzerinde Araştırmalar. Ege Üniversitesi, DTP Proje No:97 K120900, Bornova-İzmir.

9. Elkot, A. F. A., Chhuneja, P., Kaur, S., Saluja, M., Keller, B., & Singh, K. (2015). Marker assisted transfer of two powdery mildew resistance genes PmTb7A. 1 and PmTb7A. 2 from Triticum boeoticum (Boiss.) to Triticum aestivum (L.). PloS one, 10(6), e0128297.
10. Geçit, H. H., Çiftçi, C. Y., Emeklier, Y., İkinci Karakaya, S. Ü., Adak, M. S., Kolsarıcı, Ö., Ekiz, H., Altınok, S., Sancak, C., Sevimay, C. S., & Kendir, H. (2009). Tarla Bitkileri. Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, Yayın No: 1569, Ders Kitabı: 521.
11. Griffey, C. A., & Das, M. K. (1994). Inheritance of adult-plant reistance to powdery mildew in Knox 62 and Massey winter wheats. crop science, 34(3), 641-646.
12. Hart, G. E. (2001). Molecular-marker maps of the cultivated wheats and other Triticum species. In DNA-Based Markers in Plants (pp. 421-441). Springer, Dordrecht.
13. Heaney, S. P., Hall, A. A., Davies, S. A., & Olaya, G. (2000). Resistance to fungicides in the Qol-STAR cross-resistance group: current perspectives. In The BCPC Conference: Pests and diseases, Volume 2. Proceedings of an international conference held at the Brighton Hilton Metropole Hotel, Brighton, UK, 13-16 November 2000 (pp. 755-762). British Crop Protection Council.
14. Hede, A. R., Skovmand, B., Reynolds, M. P., Crossa, J., Vilhelmsen, A. L., & Stølen, O. (1999). Evaluating genetic diversity for heat tolerance traits in Mexican wheat landraces. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 46(1), 37-45.
15. Singrün, C., Rauch, P., Morgounov, A., Hsam, S., & Zeller, F. (2004). Identification of powdery mildew and leaf rust resistance genes in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Wheat varieties from the Caucasus, Central and Inner Asia. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 51(4), 355-370.
16. Kösem S (2004). Önemli Tahıl Hastalıkları Zararlıları ve Mücadelesi Edirne Ticaret Borsası (http://wwwetborgtr/hastaliklar htm).
17. Heun, M., Friebe, B., & Bushuk, W. (1990). Chromosomal location of the powdery mildew resistance gene of Amigo wheat. Phytopathology, 80(10), 1129-1133.
18. Hong-Jie, L. I., Xiao-Ming, W. A. N. G., Feng-Jing, S. O. N. G., Cui-Ping, W. U., Xiao-Fei, W. U., Zhang, N., ... & ZHANG, X. Y. (2011). Response to powdery mildew and detection of resistance genes in wheat cultivars from China. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 37(6), 943-954.
19. Liu, Z., Sun, Q., Ni, Z., Nevo, E., & Yang, T. (2002). Molecular characterization of a novel powdery mildew resistance gene Pm30 in wheat originating from wild emmer. Euphytica, 123(1), 21-29.
20. McDonald, B. A., & Linde, C. (2002). Pathogen population genetics, evolutionary potential, and durable resistance. Annual review of phytopathology, 40(1), 349-379.
21. Ovesna, J. A. R. O. S. L. A. V. A., Kucera, L., Bockova, R. O. M. A. N. A., & Holubec, V. O. J. T. Ě. C. H. (2002). Characterisation of powdery mildew resistance donors within Triticum boeoticum accessions using RAPDs. Czech journal of genetics and plant breeding, 38(3/4), 117-124.
22. Powers, H., & Sando, W. J. (1960). Genetic control of the host-parasite relationship in Wheat powdery mildew. Phytopathology, 50(6).
23. Qi, L., Cao, M., Chen, P., Li, W., & Liu, D. (1996). Identification, mapping, and application of polymorphic DNA associated with resistance gene Pm21 of wheat. Genome, 39(1), 191-197.
24. Samobor, V., Vukobratović, M., & Jošt, M. (2006). Effect of powdery mildew attack on quality parameters and experimental bread baking of wheat. Acta Agric. Slov, 87, 381-391.
25. Schwessinger, B. (2017). Fundamental wheat stripe rust research in the 21st century. New Phytologist, 213(4), 1625-1631.
26. Shen, X. K., Ma, L. X., Zhong, S. F., Liu, N., Zhang, M., Chen, W. Q., ... & Bai, G. H. (2015). Identification and genetic mapping of the putative Thinopyrum intermedium-derived dominant powdery mildew resistance gene PmL962 on wheat chromosome arm 2BS. Theoretical and applied genetics, 128(3), 517-528.
27. Turgay, E. B., Büyük, O., Ölmez, F., Yıldırım, A. F., & Zafer, M. E. R. T. İç Anadolu Bölgesinde Buğdayda Septorya yaprak lekesi hastalığının [Zymoseptoria tritici (Desm. Quaedvlieg & Crous)] yaygınlığının belirlenmesi ve moleküler tanılanması. Bitki Koruma Bülteni, 56(3).
28. USDA (2017). World Agricultural Production. https://appsfasusdagov/psdonline/ circulars/productionpdf.
29. Wricke, G., Dill, P., & Senft, P. (1996). Linkage between a major gene for powdery mildew resistance and an RFLP marker on chromosome 1R of rye. Plant breeding, 115(1), 71-73.
30. Xiao, M., Song, F., Jiao, J., Wang, X., Xu, H., & Li, H. (2013). Identification of the gene Pm47 on chromosome 7BS conferring resistance to powdery mildew in the Chinese wheat landrace Hongyanglazi. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 126(5), 1397-1403.
31. Yahiaoui, N., Srichumpa, P., Dudler, R., & Keller, B. (2004). Genome analysis at different ploidy levels allows cloning of the powdery mildew resistance gene Pm3b from hexaploid wheat. The Plant Journal, 37(4), 528-538.
32. Yıldırım, A., Sakin, M., Karadag, Y., Gokmen, S., Kandemir, N., Akkaya, M. S., & Yıldırım, F. (2004). Genetic marker mediated transfer of an alien gene, Pm21, into wheat conferring resistance to powdery mildew. Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment, 18(2), 15-19.
33. Yıldırım, A., Ateş Sönmezoğlu, Ö., Gökmen, S., Kandemir, N., Aydın, N. (2011). Determination of Genetic Diversity among Turkish Durum Wheat Landraces by Microsatellites. African Journal of Biotechnology. 10 (19), 3915-3920.
34. Yıldırım, A., Ateş Sönmezoğlu, Ö., Sayaslan, A., Kandemir, N., Gökmen, S. (2019). Molecular Breeding of Durum Wheat for Pasta Quality. Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods, 11(1), 15-21.