Pure Culture Microorganisms Used in Microbial Fuel Cells and General Properties

Öz

Biomass energy is a renewable energy that running an unavoidable task in meeting today's ever increasing energy demands. Unlike biofuels, microbial fuel cells convert energy harvested at organic materials directly into bioelectricity. Microbial fuel cells (MFC’s) are development-oriented as well-rounded a renewable energy technology. Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is an environmentally friendly technology used for electrical energy generation from a variety of organic materials (substrates). Microbial fuel cells have acquired considerable interest as an alternative energy conversion system for direct electrical energy generating. Microbial fuel cells can utilize low‐grade organic carbons as the fuel source in the waste environment. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have apparent benefits in that it can as fuel source utilize low‐grade biomass or even wastewater. The basis of electricity generation in microbial fuel cells is the catalysed of organic materials by microorganisms. In a microbial fuel cell, organic materials (substrates) are electron donors. Microbial fuel cells use microorganisms as biocatalysts to oxidize organic materials (substrate). Electrons released by anodic biofilm bacteria after oxidation (biocatalysis) works of the organic materials are first transferred to the anode electrode under anoxic condition. The bacteria that make these processes are called electrogen. Anode electrode is used by the electrogenic biofilm bacteria as the electron acceptor for anaerobic respiration. So, an electron transfer process takes place between the anode and the microorganism. Electron transfer among microorganism and electrodes occurs on two mechanisms, namely direct electron transfer and indirect (mediated) electron transfer. In this article, electron transfer mechanism from electrogenic microorganisms to anode electrode is discussed in detail. The use of pure microorganism cultures in microbial fuel cells has been told. Suggestions have been made for the future status of electrogenic microorganisms in microbial fuel cells. According to these results of this article, reconnaissance of electrogenic microorganisms with high electrochemical activities would probably be an extraordinary status for promoting the development of microbial fuel cells for very presumably future practical system works.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Microbial fuel cell
• Microorganism
• Electron
• Electricity

Mikrobiyal Yakıt Hücrelerinde Kullanılan Saf Kültür Mikroorganizmaları ve Genel Özellikleri

Öz

Biyokütle enerjisi, günümüzün artan enerji taleplerini karşılamakta kaçınılmaz bir görev yürüten yenilenebilir bir enerjidir. Biyoyakıtların aksine, mikrobiyal yakıt hücreleri organik malzemelerde toplanan enerjiyi doğrudan biyoelektrikliğe dönüştürür. Mikrobiyal yakıt hücreleri, kalkınma odaklı ve çok yönlü bir yenilenebilir enerji teknolojisidir. Mikrobiyal yakıt hücresi (MYH), çeşitli organik malzemelerden (substratlardan) elektrik enerjisi üretimi için kullanılan çevre dostu bir teknolojidir. Mikrobiyal yakıt hücreleri, doğrudan elektrik enerjisi üretimi için alternatif bir enerji dönüşüm sistemi olarak büyük ilgi gördü. Mikrobiyal yakıt hücreleri (MYH’ler), atık ortamda yakıt kaynağı olarak düşük dereceli organik karbonları kullanabilir. Mikrobiyal yakıt hücrelerinin, yakıt kaynağı olarak düşük dereceli biyokütle veya hatta atık su kullanabilmesinden dolayı belirgin faydaları vardır. Mikrobiyal yakıt hücrelerinde elektrik üretiminin temeli, organik malzemelerin mikroorganizmalar tarafından katalize edilmesidir. Çünkü mikrobiyal yakıt hücreleri, organik maddeleri (substrat) oksitlemek için biyokatalizörler olarak mikroorganizmaları kullanır. Bir mikrobiyal yakıt hücresinde, organik maddeler (substratlar) elektron vericileridir. Organik malzemelerin oksidasyon (biyokataliz) çalışmalarından sonra anodik biyofilm bakterileri tarafından açığa çıkarılan elektronlar ilk önce anoksik koşullar altında anot elektrota aktarılır. Bu işlemleri yapan bakterilere elektrojen denir. Anot elektrot, elektrojenik biyofilm bakterileri tarafından anaerobik solunum için elektron alıcısı olarak kullanılır. Yani, anot ve mikroorganizma arasında bir elektron transfer işlemi gerçekleşir. Mikroorganizma ve elektrotlar arasındaki elektron transferi, doğrudan elektron transferi ve dolaylı (aracılı) elektron transferi olmak üzere iki mekanizmada gerçekleşir. Bu çalışmada, elektrojenik mikroorganizmalardan anot elektroduna elektron transfer mekanizması ayrıntılı olarak tartışılmıştır. Saf mikroorganizma kültürlerinin mikrobiyal yakıt hücrelerinde kullanımı anlatılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın sonucuna göre, yüksek elektrokimyasal aktivitelere sahip elektrojenik mikroorganizmaların keşfi, muhtemelen gelecekteki pratik sistem çalışmaları için mikrobiyal yakıt hücrelerinin gelişimini teşvik etmek için olağanüstü bir durum olacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Mikrobiyal yakıt hücresi
• Mikroorganizma
• Elektron
• Elektrik

Kaynakça

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