Isolation of Ginger and Flaxseed Oleoresins and Optimization of Extraction Conditions by Response Surface Methodology

Öz

Today, scientific proof that certain foods taken by natural means are effective in the prevention and treatment of diseases has increased consumers ' interest in these foods and the importance of these foods. The results of scientific studies have led consumers to think about and regulate their eating habits and directed them to natural herbal sources that have negatively affected their thinking about widely used synthetic additives. With these developments, research on the acquisition, development and diversification of natural antioxidants from plants continued to increase, and medicinal and aromatic plants and spices became the focus of research. Oleoresins, known as liquid spices, have physiological activities that prevent certain types of cancers, cardiovascular diseases and aging, strengthen the immune system, cholesterol, blood pressure and blood sugar lowering effect. In the study, linseed and ginger oleoresins, which are superior to raw products, are obtained in phenolic and fatty acids concentrated form, which can be used for various purposes as both food additives and functional products, and the solvent extraction conditions used in their production were optimized. For this purpose, Three Factor-three Level Box-Behnken surface test pattern was created according to the test parameters and extraction process was performed. Extraction temperature, extraction time and sample/solvent ratio were determined as variable parameters. The effect of these variable parameters on extraction yield, total amount of phenolic and radical scavenger powers were studied. In the evaluation of these effects; Design-Expert ® software program was used. The total phenolic content, antiradical activity and extraction yield of flax seed were optimized for high oleoresin; sample solvent ratio was 1/35, temperature 41.3°C and extraction time was also 27 minutes. In ginger, the conditions in which the program responses are maximum are optimized; sample solvent ratio is 1/40 temperature 42.5°C and extraction time is 22 minutes.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Oleoresin
• Ginger
• Flax Seed
• Response Surface Methodology

Zencefil ve Keten Tohumu Oleoresinlerinin Elde Edilmesi ve Ekstraksiyon Koşullarının Cevap Yüzey Yöntemi İle Optimizasyonu

Öz

Günümüzde; hastalıkların önlenmesinde ve tedavisinde doğal yollarla alınan birtakım gıdaların etkili olduğunun bilimsel olarak ispatlanması, tüketicilerin bu gıdalara olan ilgisini ve bu gıdaların önemini arttırmıştır. Yapılan bilimsel çalışmaların sonuçları tüketicileri beslenme alışkanlıkları üzerinde düşünmeye ve düzenleme yapmaya itmiş ve yaygın olarak kullanılan sentetik katkı maddeleri hakkındaki düşüncelerini olumsuz etkileyerek doğal bitkisel kaynaklara yönlendirmiştir. Bu gelişmelerle birlikte, bitkilerden doğal antioksidanların elde edilip, geliştirilip ve çeşitlendirilmesi üzerine yapılan araştırmalar da hız kazanarak devam etmiş ve tıbbi ve aromatik bitkiler ile baharatlar, araştırmaların odak noktası haline gelmiştir. Sıvı baharat olarak bilinen oleoresinler, sahip oldukları fizyolojik aktiviteleri sayesinde, bazı tip kanserleri, kardiyovasküler hastalıkları ve yaşlanmayı önleyici etki göstermekte, bağışıklık sistemini güçlendirmekte, kolesterolü, tansiyonu ve kan şekerini düşürücü etki göstermektedir. Yapılan çalışmada ham ürüne göre üstünlükleri olan, fenolik ve yağ asitlerince konsantre edilmiş formda, hem gıda katkıları hem de fonksiyonel ürün olarak çeşitli amaçlarla kullanımları mümkün olan keten tohumu ve zencefil oleoresinleri elde edilmiş ve elde edilmesinde kullanılan solvent ekstraksiyonu koşulları optimize edilmiştir. Bu amaçla deney paremetrelerine göre üç faktör-üç seviye Box-Behnken tepki yüzey deneme deseni oluşturularak ekstraksiyon işlemi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ekstraksiyon sıcaklığı, ekstraksiyon süresi ve örnek/çözücü oranı değişken parametre olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu değişken parametrelerin ekstraksiyon verimi, toplam fenolik madde miktarı ve radikal süpürücü güçleri üzerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Bu etkilerin değerlendirilmesinde ise; Design-Expert® yazılım programı kullanılmıştır. Zencefilden toplam fenolik miktarı, antiradikal aktivitesi ve ekstraksiyon verimi yüksek olan oleoresin elde edilmesinde; örnek çözücü oranı 1/40, sıcaklık 42,5°C ve ekstraksiyon süresi 22 dakika olarak optimize edilmiştir. Keten tohumundan elde edilen oleoresin için program cevaplarının maksimum değerde olduğu koşullar; örnek çözücü oranı 1/35, sıcaklık 41,3°C ve ekstraksiyon süresi 27 dakika olarak optimize edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• oleoresin
• cevap yüzey yöntemi
• keten tohumu
• zencefil

Kaynakça

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