Taşıt Freni Aşınma Parçacık Emisyonlarının Mikroyapısı ve Kimyasal Analizi

Öz

Taşıtlardan kaynaklanan emisyonlar özellikle endüstriyel alanlarda ve kalabalık nüfuslu yerlerde önemli çevre problemlerine sebep olmaktadır. Egzoz emisyonları yasal düzenlemelerle azaltılmaya çalışılsa bile egzoz dışı emisyonlar da hissedilir derecede artış olduğu açıktır. Fren aşıntı emisyonları egzoz dışı emisyonların en önemli kaynaklarından birisidir. Fren aşıntı partiküllerine genellikle dökme demir disk ve ona karşı sürtünme eşliği eden kompozit bir balata ikilisi kaynaklık eder. Bu malzemelerin kimyasal kompozisyonu aşıntı partiküllerinin içeriğine etki eder. Bu çalışma, Orijinal Ekipman Üreticileri (OEM) tarafından piyasaya ticari olarak sunulan fren disk ve balatalarına ait fren aşınma emisyon maddesinin kimyasal ve mikroyapısal karakterizasyonu araştırmak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Aşıntı partiküllerinin mikroyapı karekterizasyonu, alan taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM), elementel analizi enerji dağıtıcı spektrometre (EDS), kristal yapıları X-ray diffraction (XRD) ve moleküler bağ yapıları fourier dönüşümlü kızılötesi spektroskopisi (FTIR) cihazı yardımıyla analiz edildi. Analizler sonunda C, N, O, F, Si, Ca, Fe ve Cu gibi elementler, sülfatlar, fosfatlar, oksitler ve farklı mineral yapıların aşınma partikülleri kimyasında bulunduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bilhassa oksitli yapıların ve ağır metallerin varlığı insan sağlığı ve çevre açısından ciddi tehditler içermektedir. Bu çalışma politika yapıcılar ve araştırmacılar için önemli bilgiler sağlayacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Fren aşınması,Partikül madde,Emisyon,Çevre Kirliliği,SEM,XRD,FTIR

Microstructure and Chemical Analysis of Vehicle Brake Wear Particle Emissions

Abstract

Vehicle emissions cause serious environmental problems, especially in industrial areas and populated areas. Although exhaust emissions are tried to be reduced by legal regulations, it is clear that non-exhaust emissions also increase significantly. Brake wear emissions are one of the most important sources of non-exhaust emissions. Brake wear particles are usually result from a cast-iron disc and a composite pad pair that is accompanied by friction. The chemical composition of these materials affects the content of the wear particles. The purpose of this study is to investigate the chemical and microstructural characterization of brake wear emission material of brake discs and pads commercially available to the market by Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs). Microstructure characterization of the wear particles was analyzed with field scanning electron microscopy (SEM); elemental analysis was conducted with energy dispersing spectrometer (EDS); crystal structures were analyzed with X-ray diffraction (XRD), and molecular bond structures were analyzed with the aid of fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). As a result of the analysis, it was found out that elements such as C, N, O, F, Si, Ca, Fe and Cu; sulfates, phosphates, oxides, and different mineral structures exist in the chemistry of wear particles. Especially, the presence of oxidized structures and heavy metals, pose a serious threat to human health and the environment. This study will provide important information for policymakers and researchers.

Keywords

• : Brake wear,Particulate matter,Emission,Environmental pollution,SEM,XRD,FTIR

Kaynakça

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