Evaluation of Some Wild Mushroom Species Growing in Mengen as a Natural Dye Source

Abstract

In this study, extraction products of chantarelle (Cantharellus Cibarius), porcini (Boletus Edulis) and trumpet (Craterellus Tubaeformis) wild mushrooms were used as a natural dyes. Cantharellus Cibarius, Boletus Edulis and Craterellus Tubaeformis mushroom species were collected from Bolu Mengen district, washed and then dried in the oven (40oC ± 2oC) for 8 hours. 100% silk treat with 160 denye was used as a material to be dyed. The silk treads to be used in dyeing, were boiled in a laboratory type dyeing machine (Emsey Teknik) by applying 20g/l olive oil soap solution for 60 minutes, and then the material was dried by performing hot and cold water washing processes. Before dyeing, silk treads were mordanted with copper sulphate, potassium aluminum sulphate, potassiun dichromate, tin(II)chloride, iron(II)chloride and iron(III)chloride to see the effects of different mordants. According to the exhaustion method, the silk yarns were were dyed in the laboratory dyeing machine for 60 minutes at boiling temperature (around 98oC), then left to cool in the dyeing liquor, finally followed cold overflow washing, hot washing and cold rinsing additionally. After drying the samples, color measurements were carried out with a spectrophotometer (Datacolor Spectra Flash 600 Plus-D65/10o ) to create color coordinates. Color fastness to washing, rubbing and light of the dyed samples were examined. As a result, it was determined that mordant substances were effective in the change of total color difference ( ΔE) and the highest value was obtained in the dyeing using copper suphate mordant (ΔE 10.2884). In the evaluation of the color according to the lightness-darkness (ΔL) axis, the color was obtained lighter than the standard in other dyeings, except for the sample that was mordanted with potassium dichromate.
Comparing the color strength (K/S) values of the dyestuffs obtained from chantarelle, porcini and trumpet mushrooms on the dyed silk, it was observed that the best color yield was obtained in the silk material dyed with natural dye obtained from porcini mushroom after being mordanted with iron (II) chloride. The color yield was very low in the dyeing without mordant and all dyeing with iron (III) chloride, potassium dichromate and tin chloride mordants.
In the samples dyed with natural dyes obtained from porcini mushroom, the highest total color difference value was obtained in the dyeing using iron(II)chloride mordant. Silk samples dyed with natural dye obtained from trumpet mushroom, the highest total color difference value achieved in the dyeing using copper suphate mordant.

Keywords

• Natural Dye
• Wild Mushroom
• Silk Yarn
• Colour Properties

Mengen’de Yetişen Bazı Yabani Mantar Türlerinin Doğal Boya Kaynağı Olarak Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Bu çalışmada, doğal boya olarak chantarelle (Cantharellus Cibarius), porcini (Boletus Edulis ) ve trumpet (Craterellus Tubaeformis ) yabani mantarların ekstraksiyon ürünleri kullanılmıştır. Cantharellus Cibarius, Boletus Edulis ve Craterellus Tubaeformis türlerinden mantarlar Bolu Mengen ilçesinden toplanmış, yıkandıktan sonra etüvde (40°C ± 2°C) 8 saat kurutulmuştur. Materyal olarak 160 denye % 100 ipek iplik kullanılmıştır. Boyamalarda kullanılacak ipek iplikler laboratuvar tipi boyama makinesinde (Termal) 20 g/l zeytinyağı sabun çözeltisi 1 saat kaynatılmış ve ardından materyale sıcak ve soğuk yıkama işlemleri yapılarak materyaller kurutulmuştur. Boyamadan önce ipek iplikler bakır sülfat, potasyum alüminyum sülfat, potasyum dikromat, kalay (II) klorür, demir (II) klorür ve demir (III) klorür ile mordanlanmıştır. Çektirme yöntemine göre, iplikler laboratuvar boyama makinesinde 60 dakika kaynama sıcaklığında boyanmış, flotte içerisinde soğutulmaya bırakılarak 12 saat sonra örneklere, soğuk taşar yıkama, sıcak yıkama, kaynar sabunlama ve soğuk durulama işlemleri yapılmıştır. Kurutma işleminden sonra renk koordinatları oluşturmak için spektrofotometre (Datacolor Spectra Flash 600 plus- D65/ 10°) ile renk ölçümleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Boyanmış örneklerin yıkama, sürtme ve ışık haslıkları incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak: Mordan maddelerinin, toplam renk farklılığı (ΔE*) değişiminde etkili olduğu belirlenmiş ve en yüksek toplam renk farklılık değeri, bakırsülfat mordanının kullanıldığı boyamada elde edilmiştir. (ΔE*=10.2884). Açıklık – koyuluk (ΔL*) eksenine göre renk değerlendirilmesinde, potasyum bikromat ile mordanlanmış örnek dışında, diğer boyamalarda renk standarttan daha açık elde edilmiştir. Chantarelle, porcini ve trumpet mantarlarlarından elde edilen boyarmaddeler ile ipekli materyalin boyanmasında Renk Kuvveti (K/S) değerleri karşılaştırıldığında; en iyi renk veriminin demir (II) klorür ile mordanlandıktan sonra porcini mantarından elde edilen doğal boya ile boyanmış ipek materyalde elde edildiği görülmektedir. Mordansız boyama ve demir (III) klorür, potasyum dikromat ve kalay klorür mordanları ile yapılan tüm boyamalarda renk verimi oldukça düşüktür. Porcini mantarından elde edilmiş doğal boya ile boyanmış örneklerde, en yüksek toplam renk farklılık değerinin, demir (II) klorür mordanının kullanıldığı boyamada elde edildiği görülmüştür. Trumpet mantarından elde edilen doğal boya ile boyanmış ipek örneklerinde; en yüksek toplam renk farklılık değeri, bakır sülfat mordanının kullanıldığı boyamada elde edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yabani Mantar
• İpek İplik
• Renk Özellikleri
• Doğal Boya

Kaynakça

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