Drought and Salt Stress in Grapevines

Abstract

Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is one of the most economically important fruit crops worldwide and compared to many other plant species, it is known to be resistant to drought but highly sensitive to salinity. Most of the vineyards are established in regions where seasonal drought occurs intensely during the growing season. In these regions, the vines are frequently exposed to drought and therefore salt stress due to the low water capacity of the soil and high evapotranspiration. Grapevines show resistance to drought stress depending on the duration of stress. Salt tolerance is a complex physiological and multigenic trait. Salt tolerance in grapevine is related to efficient sequestration of the toxic ions at the root level and, more precisely, to the restriction of their transport towards the aerial parts through the xylem. This review synthesizes the studies on the determination of the physiological and biochemical changes that the grapevine has shown under drought and salt stress.

Keywords

• Grapevine
• Physiological characteristics
• Biochemical characteristics
• Drought
• Salt stress

Asmalarda Kuraklık ve Tuz Stresi

Öz

Asma dünyada ekonomik öneme sahip olan çok yıllık bahçe bitkilerinden biri olup, diğer birçok bitki türü ile kıyaslandığında, kuraklığa karşı dayanıklı ancak tuzluluğa karşı ise oldukça hassas olduğu bilinmektedir. Bağların büyük bölümü büyüme sezonunda mevsimsel kuraklığın yoğun olarak ortaya çıktığı bölgelerde kurulmuştur. Bu bölgelerde toprağın su kapasitesinin düşük olması ve evapotranspirasyonun yüksek olmasından dolayı asmalar sık sık kuraklık ve dolayısıyla tuz stresine maruz kalmaktadırlar. Asmalar kuraklık stresine, streste kalma süresine bağlı olarak dayanım göstermektedir. Tuz toleransı ise karmaşık bir fizyolojik ve multigenik özelliktir. Asmadaki tuz toleransı, toksik iyonların kök seviyesinde etkili bir şekilde tutulması ve daha kesin olarak, ksilem yoluyla hava kısımlarına doğru taşınmalarının kısıtlanması ile ilgilidir. Bu derleme, asmanın kuraklık ve tuz stresi altında göstermiş olduğu fizyolojik ve biyokimyasal değişimlerin belirlenmesi üzerine yapılan çalışmaları sentezlemektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Asma
• Fizyolojik özellikler
• Biyokimyasal özellikler
• Kuraklık
• Tuz stresi

Kaynakça

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