Nörobilim Yaklaşımıyla Girişimcilikte Farklı Bir Boyut: Nörogirişimcilik

Öz

Nörobilim (Sinirbilim), sinir sisteminin nasıl geliştiğini, yapısını ve ne yaptığını incelemekte olup matematik, dilbilim, mühendislik, kimya, felsefe, psikoloji ve tıp gibi diğer disiplinlerle yakın ilişki kuran disiplinler arası bir bilimdir. İşletme disiplininde nörobilimsel yaklaşım nöropazarlama ve nörogirişimcilik olarak yer almaktadır. Sosyo-ekonomik önemleri nedeniyle girişimcilik araştırmaları literatür zenginliğinin yanı sıra bulgularının uygulamaya aktarılması ile ülkelerin refah seviyelerinin arttrılmasında büyük önem taşımaktadır. Nörogirişimcilikgirişimci davranışlarını ve bu davranışlarla ilgili değişimleri anlamak ve analiz etmek için nörobilimsel yöntemlerin uygulanması oluparaştırmacılar ile nörobilim uzmanlarının bir araya gelerek multidisipliner bir yaklaşımla araştırmalar yürütmesi neticesinde nörogirişimcilik alanında önemli kazanımlar elde edilmiştir. Dopamin hormonu ile girişmcilik davranışı ilişkisi, girişimcilerin girişimci olmayan bireylere göre farklı zihinsel kaynakları ve sinirsel yapıları kullanmaları gibi literatür sonuçları girişimcilik disiplinine farklı bir boyut getirmektedir. Nörogirişimcilik literatürünün yeni oluşması bu çalışmanın kısıtını oluşturmakta olup konunun artan önemi ve nörobilimdeki farklı disiplinlerde yürütülen çalışmalar ile yakın gelecekte nörogirişimciiğe ilişkin yürütülen çalışmaların sayısında da önemli bir artış olacağı öngörülmektedir. Nörobilimde kullanılan görüntüleme ve diğer teknolojik araştırma imkânlarının hızla gelişmesi ve araştırmacılar için ulaşılabilir olması nörogirişimciliğin gelişme sürecini hızlandırmaktadır. Araştırmaları daha öncelerde başlayan ve bulguları pratik uygulamalarda çok fazla kabul gören nöropazarlama araştırmaları ile nöropazarlama araştırmalarında kullanılan teknolojiler nörogirişimciliğin gelişmesine zemin hazırlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada dünyada henüz emekleme döneminde olan nörogirşimcilik literatürüne bilgi ve bulguların derlenmesi yolu ile katkı sağlanması amaçlanmaktadır. Gelecekte yapılacak olan çalışmalar, duygusal, davranışsal, kültürel, hesaplamalı, sosyal sinirbilim, nöroinformatik ve sistem sinirbiliminin girdilerini hesaba katarak, özellikle girişimci karar almanın arkasındaki mekanizmalar ve genel olarak girişimcilik sürecinin bilişsel, motivasyonel, duyuşsal ve hormonal süreçlerin derin bir analizine imkân sağlayacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Nörobilim
• Nörogirişimcilik
• Nöropazarlama

A Different Dimension in Entrepreneurship with a Neuroscience Approach: Neuroentrepreneurship

Abstract

Neuroscience is an interdisciplinary science that studies how the nervous system develops, structure and does what it does, and establishes close relationships with other disciplines such as mathematics, linguistics, engineering, chemistry, philosophy, psychology, and medicine.In the business discipline, neuroscientific approach takes place as neuromarketing and neuroentrepreneurship. Due to their socio-economic importance, entrepreneurship researches are of great importance in increasing the welfare of countries by putting their findings into practice as well as the richness of the literature.Neuro-entrepreneurship is the application of neuroscientific methods to understand and analyze entrepreneurial behavior and the changes associated with these behaviors.Significant gains have been achieved in the field of neuro-entrepreneurship as a result of conducting research with a multidisciplinary approach by gathering researchers and neuroscientists.The literature results such as the relationship between dopamine hormone and entrepreneurial behavior, the use of different mental resources and neural structures by entrepreneurs compared to non-entrepreneurs bring a different dimension to the entrepreneurship discipline.The new formation of neuroentrepreneurship literature is the limitation of this study. With the increasing importance of the subject and studies carried out in different disciplines in neuroscience, it is predicted that there will be a significant increase in the number of studies on neuro-entrepreneurship in the near future.The rapid development of scanning and other technological research facilities used in neuroscience and their availability for researchers accelerates the development process of neuroscience. Neuromarketing researches, whose researches have started earlier and whose findings are widely accepted in practical applications, and technologies used in neuromarketing researches lay the groundwork for the development of neuroentrepreneurship dicipline.In this study, it is aimed to contribute to neuroentrepreneurship literature, which is still in its infancy in the world, by compiling information and findings.Future studies will allow for a deep analysis of the cognitive, motivational, affective and hormonal processes of the entrepreneurial process in general and the mechanisms behind entrepreneurial decision-making in particular, taking into account the inputs of emotional, behavioral, cultural, computational, social neuroscience, neuroinformatics and systems neuroscience.

Keywords

• Neuroscience
• Neuroentrepreneurship
• Neuromarketing

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