Gen Transfer Teknolojisi ve Yağ asidi Kompozisyonlarına Katkısı- CRSPR/Cas Teknolojisi

Öz

Son yüzyılda biyoteknolojik çalışmalarla canlı organizmaların anlaşılmasına ve organizmalar arasında genetik bilgi aktarımına olanak sağlamıştır. Genetik mühendisliği sahasının genişlemesi tarımsal faaliyetlerde verim, kalite, hastalık ve zararlılara dirençli, biyotik/abiyotik stres faktörlerine dayanıklı çeşitlerin geliştirilmesine olanak sağlamıştır. Gen transfer teknolojisinin bir diğer çalışma sahası ise bitki besin içeriklerinde değişimi mümkün kılan çalışmalar olmuştur. Genetik modifikasyonlarla besin kalitesi, kimyasal içeriğin arttırılması/azaltılması, beslenme fizyolojisine uygunluk gibi önemli ekonomik katkılar sağlamıştır. Gen modifikasyon çalışmalarıyla bitki besin bileşenlerinin arttırılması yada azaltılmasıyla uygun fizyolojik beslenme amaçlanmıştır. Son yapılan çalışmalarla kolza, haşhaş, patates, soya, ayçiçeği gibi bitkilerde ekonomik değeri yüksek besin içerikleri elde edilmiştir. Bitki besin içeriği değişiminde yeni bir teknik olan CRISPR/cas teknolojisi ile kolza, ayçiçeği, zeytin, ketencik gibi çeşitli bitkilerde MUFA/PUFA içeren yağlar elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca yapılan son çalışmalar ile CRISPR/Cas ile düzenlenmiş bitkilerin GDO’lu bitkiler katagorisine tabi tutulmadığı gösterilmiştir. Ancak gen modifikasyonu ile elde edilen tüm ürünlerin olası risklerinin azaltılması için insan-çevre ilişkilerinin gerekli testlere tabi tulması gerekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Biyoteknoloji
• Gen transferi
• Yağ asidi
• CRSPR/Cas

Gene Transfer Technology and Its Contribution to Oil Acid Compositions- CRSPR / Cas Technology

Abstract

In the last century, biotechnological studies have enabled the understanding of living organisms and the transfer of genetic information between organisms. The expansion of the field of genetic engineering has enabled the development of yield, quality, disease and pest resistant varieties that are resistant to biotic / abiotic stress factors in agricultural activities. Another field of study of gene transfer technology has been studies that enable changes in plant nutrient contents. With genetic modifications, it has made important economic contributions such as food quality, increase / decrease of chemical content, compliance with nutritional physiology. Proper physiological nutrition is aimed by increasing or decreasing plant nutritional components with gene modification studies. With the latest studies, nutrients with high economic value have been obtained in plants such as rapeseed, poppy, potato, soybean and sunflower. With the CRISPR / cas technology, which is a new technique in plant nutrient content change, oils containing MUFA / PUFA have been obtained in various plants such as rapeseed, sunflower, olive, camelina. In addition, with the recent studies, it has been shown that the plants arranged with CRISPR / Cas are not subjected to the GMO plants category. However, human-environment relationships should be subjected to necessary tests in order to reduce the possible risks of all products obtained by gene modification.

Keywords

• Biotechnology
• Gene transfer
• Oil acid
• CRSPR/Cas

Kaynakça

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