Atratonun Sulama Kanalı Suyu ve Toprak Örneklerinde Gaz Kromatografisi Kütle Spektrometresi ile Tayini

Öz

Benefits such as disease prevention, improved food quality and yield are attributed to pesticide usage but severe health effects that arise from their wrong usage and continual accumulation in the environment has called for constant monitoring. Hastalıkların önlenmesi, arttırılmış gıda kalitesi ve ürün verimi gibi faydalar, pestisit kullanımı ile ilişkilendirilmektedir, ancak bunların yanlış kullanımının ve çevrede birikimlerinin sonucunda ortaya çıkan ciddi sağlık etkileri sürekli olarak izlenmelerini gerektirmektedir. Bu çalışma, atratonun sulama kanalı suyu ve toprak örneklerinde gaz kromatografisi- kütle spektrometresi ile yüksek doğrulukta tayinini gerçekleştirmek için yürütülmüştür. Analit için tatmin edici analitik performans verileri elde edilmiştir. Optimum koşullar altında, sulama kanalı suyu ve toprak örneklerinde yapılan analizlerde analit tespit edilememiş ve bu nedenle doğrusal çalışma aralığında bulunan farklı derişimlerde analit standartı ilave edilmesi işlemi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Karmaşık toprak matriksindeki analitin tayininin doğruluğunu arttırabilmek için kalibrasyon çözeltileri ekstrakte edilmiş toprak örnekleri içerisinde hazırlanmıştır. Standart ilave edilmiş sulama kanalı suyu örnekleri için ultra saf suda hazırlanan kalibrasyon standartlarına göre hesaplanan geri kazanım yüzdesi %97-110 arasında değişmektedir. Etanol içerisinde hazırlanan kalibrasyon standartları kullanılarak standart ilave edilmiş toprak örnekleri için hesaplanan geri kazanım yüzdesi ise %90-104 aralığındadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Atraton
• Pestisit
• GC-MS
• Sulama kanalı suyu
• Toprak

Proje Numarası

N/A

Determination of Atraton in Irrigation Canal Water and Soil Samples by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

Öz

Benefits such as disease prevention, improved food quality and yield are attributed to pesticide usage but severe health effects that arise from their wrong usage and continual accumulation in the environment has called for constant monitoring. This study was performed to determine atraton in irrigation canal water and soil samples by gas chromatography mass spectrometry with high accuracy. Satisfactory analytical figures of merit were obtained for the analyte. Under the optimum conditions, the analyte was not detected in the analysis of irrigation canal water and soil samples and was therefore spiked at different concentrations within the linear calibration range. In order to increase the accuracy of quantifying the analyte in the complex soil matrix, calibration standards were prepared in soil extracts. The percent recoveries calculated for spiked irrigation canal water samples by calibration standards prepared in ultrapure water ranged between 97 and 110%. The percent recoveries calculated for spiked soil samples using the calibration standards prepared n ethanol ranged between 90 and 104%.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Atraton
• Pesticide
• GC-MS
• Irrigation canal water
• Soil

Destekleyen Kurum

Yıldız Technical University

Proje Numarası

N/A

Teşekkür

N/A

Kaynakça

1. Ascherio, A., Chen, H., Weisskopf, M. G., O'Reilly, E., McCullough, M. L., Calle, E. E., Schwarzschild, M.A., & Thun, M. J. (2006). Pesticide exposure and risk for Parkinson's disease. Annals of Neurology, 60(2), 197-203. doi:10.1002/ana.20904
2. Báez, M. a. E., Fuentes, E., & Espinoza, J. (2013). Characterization of the atrazine sorption process on andisol and ultisol volcanic ash-derived soils: kinetic parameters and the contribution of humic fractions. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 61(26), 6150-6160. doi:10.1021/jf400950d.
3. Bolognesi, C., & Merlo, F. D. (2011). Pesticides: Human Health Effects In: Nriagu, J.O., Ed., Encyclopedia of Environmental Health, (pp. 438-453). Elsevier, Burlington.
4. Coskun, O. (2016). Separation techniques: chromatography. Northern Clinics of Istanbul, 3(2), 156-160.
5. Dhananjayan, V., & Ravichandran, B. (2018). Occupational health risk of farmers exposed to pesticides in agricultural activities. Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health, 4, 31-37. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coesh.2018.07.005
6. Forgács, E., & Cserháti, T. (2003). CHROMATOGRAPHY | Principles. In: B. Caballero (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Food Sciences and Nutrition (Second Edition), (pp. 1259-1267). Oxford: Academic Press.
7. Hromadová, M. n., Pospíšil, L. r., Sokolová, R., Bulíčková, J., Hof, M., Fischer-Durand, N., & Salmain, M. l. (2013). Atrazine-based self-assembled monolayers and their interaction with anti-atrazine antibody: building of an immunosensor. Langmuir, 29(52), 16084-16092.
8. Hu, S.-W., & Chen, S. (2013). Adsorption of triazine derivatives with humic fraction-immobilized silica gel in hexane: A mechanistic consideration. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 61(36), 8524-8532.

9. Jayaraj, R., Megha, P., & Sreedev, P. (2016). Organochlorine pesticides, their toxic effects on living organisms and their fate in the environment. Interdisciplinary Toxicology, 9(3-4), 90-100. doi:10.1515/intox-2016-0012
10. Kim, K.-H., Kabir, E., & Ara Jahan, S. (2016). Exposure to pesticides and the associated human health effects. Science of The Total Environment, 575, 525-535. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.009.
11. Niessen, W. M. A. (2017). Mass Spectrometry: Chromatography–MS, Methods. In: J. C. Lindon, G. E. Tranter, & D. W. Koppenaal (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Spectroscopy and Spectrometry (Third Edition), (pp. 758-763). Oxford: Academic Press.
12. Pan, X.-l., Dong, F.-s., Wu, X.-h., Xu, J., Liu, X.-g., & Zheng, Y.-q. (2019). Progress of the discovery, application, and control technologies of chemical pesticides in China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 18(4), 840-853. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(18)61929-X
13. Ramakrishnan, B., Kadiyala, V., Sethunathan, N., & Mallavarapu, M. (2019). Local applications but global implications: Can pesticides drive microorganisms to develop antimicrobial resistance? Science of The Total Environment, 654, 177-189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.041
14. Stachniuk, A., & Fornal, E. (2016). Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry in the Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Food. Food Analytical Methods, 9(6), 1654-1665. doi:10.1007/s12161-015-0342-0
15. Wang, Y., Sun, Y., Xu, B., Li, X., Wang, X., Zhang, H., & Song, D. (2015). Matrix solid-phase dispersion coupled with magnetic ionic liquid dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for the determination of triazine herbicides in oilseeds. Analytica Chimica Acta, 888, 67-74. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2015.07.028
16. Xie, Y., Wang, M., Chen, X., Wang, S., Han, D., Han, Y., & Yan, H. (2019). 3-Aminophenol-glyoxylic acid resin for the determination of triazine herbicides in tomatoes. Analytica Chimica Acta, 1061, 122-133. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2019.01.062