Titreşime Maruz Kalan İnşaat İşçileri İçin Optimal Emeklilik Yaşı: Türkiye'de Bir Vaka Çalışması

Yıl 2019, Sayı: 17, 1294 - 1306, 31.12.2019

Sadık Alper Yıldızel , Mustafa Tolga Çöğürcü , Mehmet Uzun , Kemal Armağan

https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.661690

Öz

Titreşimler yani; ses dalgaları, belirli bir süre içinde belirli sayıda tekrar eden dalgalardır. Ses dalgalarından farkı, sesin hava yoluyla iletilmesidir, titreşim ise vücudun katı kısımlarını kullanır. Titreşimler, operatörlerin el ve kollarına ve hatta tüm yapılarına bina operasyonlarında kullanılan makine ve ekipmanlardan geçer. Titreşimler birçok rahatsızlığa neden olur. Özellikle inşaat sektöründe, yüksek frekanslı titreşim yayıcı makina ve ekipmanlarda çalışan işçilerde ciddi sağlık sorunları gözlenmektedir. Bu sağlık sorunlarından en yaygın olanı orta ve uzun vadede ciddi mesleki ve bazı sağlık sorunlarına neden olan titreşimli bir sendromdur. Titreşim sendromu hastaları özellikle inşaat işlerinde fonksiyonel, sosyal ve psikolojik sakatlık yaşarlar. Bu nedenle, bu mesleklerin sigortaları ve amortismanları diğer çalışanlardan farklı olmalıdır.
Bu çalışmada inşaat işçilerinin titreşim sendromu risk sınıflamaları yapılmıştır. Sıkı kavanoz açma zorluğu, el kavrama zayıflığı ve parmak rengi değişiklikleri çalışanların genel sorunları arasında öne çıkmaktadır. Ankete göre parmak soğukluğu ve parmak uyuşukluğu daha az ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu sonuca göre gerekli önlemler ve yasal mevzuat önerileri sunuldu. Titreşime maruz kalan inşaat işçilerinin emeklilik yaşı için Taguchi metoduna dayalı bir optimizasyon yapıldı. İnşaat işçilerinin çalışma sürelerinin analiz sonuçlarına göre yeniden incelenmesi gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır. İlgili mevzuat, her meslek için önerilen emeklilik yaşı uyarınca güncel tutulabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Titreşim sendromu, çalışma koşulları, inşaat işçileri, sağlık sorunu, optimum emeklilik yaşı, anket çalışması

Optimal Retirement Age for Construction Workers Exposed to Vibration: A Case Study in Turkey

Öz

Vibrations namely; sound waves are the waves that have a certain number of repetitions in a period. The difference from the sound waves is that the sound is transmitted through the air, while the vibration uses the solid parts of the body. Vibrations pass to operators' hands and arms and even to all their bodies from machinery and equipment used in building operations. Vibrations cause many discomforts. Especially in the construction sector, serious health problems are observed in workers working in high-frequency vibration-emitting machines and equipment. The most common of these health problems is a vibratory syndrome, which causes serious occupational and some health problems in the medium and long term. Vibration syndrome sufferers especially in construction works experience functional, social and phycological disabilities. Hence, the insurances and the depreciation of these occupations must be different from those of other employees.

In this study, construction workers’ vibration syndrome risk classifications were conducted. Difficulty in tight jar opening, weak hand grip and finger color changes are among the general problems of the employees. According to the questionnaire, finger coldness and finger numbness are less common. According to this results suggestions on necessary precautions and legal legislation were presented. A Taguchi method-based optimization was performed on the retirement age of construction workers exposed to vibration. It is concluded that the working time of construction workers should be re-examined as per the analysis results. Related legislations can be kept up with the date as per the recommended retirement age for each occupation.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Vibration syndrome, working conditions, construction workers, health problem, optimum retirement age, questionnaire study

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