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Aşırı Parlak X-Işın Kaynağı NGC 300 ULX1'deki Nötron Yıldızının Kütlesi ve Manyetik Alanı Üzerine

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 27, 74 - 81, 30.11.2021
https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.939104

Öz

Şu ana kadar galaksimizde keşfedilen bir aşırı parlak X-ışın kaynağı (APX) ve komşu galaksilerde bulunan bazı APX’lerden geldiği kısa süre önce saptanan periyodik pulsasyonların düşündürdüğü üzere, APX’lerin çoğunda kütle yığıştıran yoğun cisimler karadeliklerden daha çok, büyük olasılıkla, nötron yıldızlarıdır. APX ailesinin bir üyesi olan NGC 300 ULX1, diğer pulsasyonlu APX’ler (PAPX) ile karşılaştırıldığında oldukça yüksek oranlarda dönüşü hızlanan yeni bir PAPX’tir. Bu makalede, NGC 300 ULX1’in pulsasyonlu X-ışın tayfında saptanan siklotron soğurma çizgisinin enerjisinden nötron yıldızının yüzeyindeki manyetik alan yeğinliğini çıkarsıyor ve kaynağın X-ışın akısı ile pulsarın gözlenen dönme periyodu ve periyot türevini kullanarak nötron yıldızının kütlesi ve hüzmeleme oranı için olası aralıkları kestiriyoruz. Analizimiz, soğurma çizgisinin nötron yıldızı yüzeyine yakın üretilmesi koşuluyla, gözlenen siklotron enerjisi ve dönme hızındaki yüksek artış oranlarının her ikisini de açıklayacak yeterli bir mekanizma olması bakımından proton siklotron rezonans saçılımını desteklemektedir.

Destekleyen Kurum

yok

Proje Numarası

yok

Kaynakça

  • Bachetti, M., Harrison, F. A., Walton, D. J., Grefenstette, B. W., Chakrabarty, D., Fürst, F., Barret, D., Beloborodov, A., Boggs, S. E., Christensen, F. E., Craig, W. W., Fabian, A. C., Hailey, C. J., Hornschemeier, A., Kaspi, V., Kulkarni, S. R., Maccarone, T., Miller, J. M., Rana, V., Stern, D., Tendulkar, S. P., Tomsick, J., Webb, N. A., & Zhang, W. W. (2014). An ultraluminous X-ray source powered by an accreting neutron star. Nature, 514(7521), 202-204.
  • Becker, P. A., Klochkov, D., Schönherr, G., Nishimura, O., Ferrigno, C., Caballero, I., Kretschmar, P., Wolff, M. T., Wilms, J., & Staubert, R. (2012). Spectral formation in accreting X-ray pulsars: bimodal variation of the cyclotron energy with luminosity. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 544, Article A123.
  • Brightman, M., Harrison, F. A., Fürst, F., Middleton, M. J., Walton, D. J., Stern, D., Fabian, A. C., Heida, M., Barret, D., & Bachetti, M. (2018). Magnetic field strength of a neutron-star-powered ultraluminous X-ray source. Nature Astronomy, 2, 312-316.
  • Carpano, S., Haberl, F., Maitra, C., & Vasilopoulos, G. (2018). Discovery of pulsations from NGC 300 ULX1 and its fast period evolution. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, 476(1), L45-L49.
  • Cromartie, H. T., Fonseca, E., Ransom, S. M., Demorest, P. B., Arzoumanian, Z., Blumer, H., Brook, P. R., DeCesar, M. E., Dolch, T., Ellis, J. A., Ferdman, R. D., Ferrara, E. C., Garver-Daniels, N., Gentile, P. A., Jones, M. L., Lam, M. T., Lorimer, D. R., Lynch, R. S., McLaughlin, M. A., Ng, C., Nice, D. J., Pennucci, T. T., Spiewak, R., Stairs, I. H., Stovall, K., Swiggum, J. K., & Zhu, W. W. (2020). Relativistic Shapiro delay measurements of an extremely massive millisecond pulsar. Nature Astronomy, 4, 72-76.
  • Ekşi, K. Y., Andaç, İ. C., Çıkıntoğlu, S., Gençali, A. A., Güngör, C., & Öztekin, F. (2015). The ultraluminous X-ray source NuSTAR J095551+6940.8: a magnetar in a high-mass X-ray binary. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, 448(1), L40-L42.
  • Erkut, M. H. (2005). Accretion disks around magnetized neutron stars (Thesis No. 170845) [Doctoral dissertation, Boğaziçi University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
  • Erkut, M. H., & Alpar, M. A. (2004). On the rotational dynamics of magnetically threaded disks around neutron stars. The Astrophysical Journal, 617(1), 461-470.
  • Erkut, M. H., & Çatmabacak, O. (2017). Parallel tracks as quasi-steady states for the magnetic boundary layers in neutron-star low-mass X-ray binaries. The Astrophysical Journal, 849(1), Article 58.
  • Erkut, M. H., Ekşi, K. Y., & Alpar, M. A. (2019). Ultra-luminous X-ray sources as super-critical propellers. The Astrophysical Journal, 873(2), Article 105.
  • Erkut, M. H., Türkoğlu, M. M., Ekşi, K. Y., & Alpar, M. A. (2020). On the magnetic fields, beaming fractions, and fastness parameters of pulsating ultraluminous X-ray sources. The Astrophysical Journal, 899(2), Article 97.
  • Fürst, F., Walton, D. J., Harrison, F. A., Stern, D., Barret, D., Brightman, M., Fabian, A. C., Grefenstette, B., Madsen, K. K., Middleton, M. J., Miller, J. M., Pottschmidt, K., Ptak, A., Rana, V., & Webb, N. (2016). Discovery of coherent pulsations from the ultraluminous X-ray source NGC 7793 P13. The Astrophysical Journal Letters, 831(2), Article L14.
  • Ghosh, P., & Lamb, F. K. (1979). Accretion by rotating magnetic neutron stars. II. Radial and vertical structure of the transition zone in disk accretion. The Astrophysical Journal, 232, 259-276.
  • Israel, G. L., Belfiore, A., Stella, L., Esposito, P., Casella, P., De Luca, A., Marelli, M., Papitto, A., Perri, M., Puccetti, S., Rodríguez Castillo, G. A., Salvetti, D., Tiengo, A., Zampieri, L., D’Agostino, D., Greiner, J., Haberl, F., Novara, G., Salvaterra, R., Turolla, R., Watson, M., Wilms, J., & Wolter, A. (2017). An accreting pulsar with extreme properties drives an ultraluminous X-ray source in NGC 5907. Science, 355(6327), 817-819.
  • Kaaret, P., Feng, H., & Roberts, T. P. (2017). Ultraluminous X-ray sources. Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 55(1), 303-341.
  • Lattimer, J. M. (2019). Neutron star mass and radius measurements. Universe, 5(7), Article 159.
  • Lattimer, J. M., & Schutz, B. F. (2005). Constraining the equation of state with moment of inertia measurements. The Astrophysical Journal, 629(2), 979-984.
  • Paczynski, B. (1992). GB 790305 as a very strongly magnetized neutron star. Acta Astronomica, 42, 145-153.
  • Rodríguez Castillo, G. A., Israel, G. L., Belfiore, A., Bernardini, F., Esposito, P., Pintore, F., De Luca, A., Papitto, A., Stella, L., Tiengo, A., Zampieri, L., Bachetti, M., Brightman, M., Casella, P., D’Agostino, D., Dall’Osso, S., Earnshaw, H. P., Fürst, F., Haberl, F., Harrison, F. A., Mapelli, M., Marelli, M., Middleton, M. J., Pinto, C., Roberts, T. P., Salvaterra, R., Turolla, R., Walton, D. J., & Wolter, A. (2020). The Astrophysical Journal, 895(1), Article 60.
  • Sathyaprakash, R., Roberts, T. P., Walton, D. J., Fuerst, F., Bachetti, M., Pinto, C., Alston, W. N., Earnshaw, H. P., Fabian, A. C., Middleton, M. J., & Soria, R. (2019). The discovery of weak coherent pulsations in the ultraluminous X-ray source NGC 1313 X-2. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, 488(1), L35-L40.
  • Shakura, N. I., & Sunyaev, R. A. (1973). Black holes in binary systems. Observational appearance. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 24, 337-355.
  • Staubert, R., Trümper, J., Kendziorra, E., Klochkov, D., Postnov, K., Kretschmar, P., Pottschmidt, K., Haberl, F., Rothschild, R. E., Santangelo, A., Wilms, J., Kreykenbohm, I., & Fürst, F. (2019). Cyclotron lines in highly magnetized neutron stars. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 622, Article A61.
  • Walton, D. J., Bachetti, M., Fürst, F., Barret, D., Brightman, M., Fabian, A. C., Grefenstette, B. W., Harrison, F. A., Heida, M., Kennea, J., Kosec, P., Lau, R. M., Madsen, K. K., Middleton, M. J., Pinto, C., Steiner, J. F., & Webb, N. (2018). A potential cyclotron resonant scattering feature in the ultraluminous X-ray source pulsar NGC 300 ULX1 seen by NuSTAR and XMM-Newton. The Astrophysical Journal Letters, 857(1), Article L3.
  • Wilson-Hodge, C. A., Malacaria, C., Jenke, P. A., Jaisawal, G. K., Kerr, M., Wolff, M. T., Arzoumanian, Z., Chakrabarty, D., Doty, J. P., Gendreau, K. C., Guillot, S., Ho, W. C. G., LaMarr, B., Markwardt, C. B., Özel, F., Prigozhin, G. Y., Ray, P. S., Ramos-Lerate, M., Remillard, R. A., Strohmayer, T. E., Vezie, M. L., Wood, K. S., & NICER Science Team (2018). NICER and Fermi GBM observations of the first galactic ultraluminous X-ray pulsar Swift J0243.6+6124. The Astrophysical Journal, 863(1), Article 9.

On the Mass and Magnetic Field of the Neutron Star in the Ultraluminous X-Ray Source NGC 300 ULX1

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 27, 74 - 81, 30.11.2021
https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.939104

Öz

The accreting compact objects in most of ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are likely to be neutron stars rather than black holes as suggested by the recent detection of periodic pulsations from some of these sources located in neighboring galaxies and one ULX that has hitherto been discovered in our own galaxy. As a member of the ULX family, NGC 300 ULX1 is a new pulsating ULX (PULX) spinning up at substantially high rates compared with other PULXs. In this paper, we infer the strength of the magnetic field on the surface of the neutron star from the energy of the cyclotron absorption line detected in the pulsed X-ray spectrum of NGC 300 ULX1 and estimate the plausible ranges for the neutron-star mass and beaming fraction using the observed spin period and period derivative of the pulsar and the measured X-ray flux of the source. Our analysis favors proton cyclotron resonance scattering as a viable mechanism to account for both the observed cyclotron energy and high spin-up rates provided that the absorption line is generated close to the surface of the neutron star.

Proje Numarası

yok

Kaynakça

  • Bachetti, M., Harrison, F. A., Walton, D. J., Grefenstette, B. W., Chakrabarty, D., Fürst, F., Barret, D., Beloborodov, A., Boggs, S. E., Christensen, F. E., Craig, W. W., Fabian, A. C., Hailey, C. J., Hornschemeier, A., Kaspi, V., Kulkarni, S. R., Maccarone, T., Miller, J. M., Rana, V., Stern, D., Tendulkar, S. P., Tomsick, J., Webb, N. A., & Zhang, W. W. (2014). An ultraluminous X-ray source powered by an accreting neutron star. Nature, 514(7521), 202-204.
  • Becker, P. A., Klochkov, D., Schönherr, G., Nishimura, O., Ferrigno, C., Caballero, I., Kretschmar, P., Wolff, M. T., Wilms, J., & Staubert, R. (2012). Spectral formation in accreting X-ray pulsars: bimodal variation of the cyclotron energy with luminosity. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 544, Article A123.
  • Brightman, M., Harrison, F. A., Fürst, F., Middleton, M. J., Walton, D. J., Stern, D., Fabian, A. C., Heida, M., Barret, D., & Bachetti, M. (2018). Magnetic field strength of a neutron-star-powered ultraluminous X-ray source. Nature Astronomy, 2, 312-316.
  • Carpano, S., Haberl, F., Maitra, C., & Vasilopoulos, G. (2018). Discovery of pulsations from NGC 300 ULX1 and its fast period evolution. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, 476(1), L45-L49.
  • Cromartie, H. T., Fonseca, E., Ransom, S. M., Demorest, P. B., Arzoumanian, Z., Blumer, H., Brook, P. R., DeCesar, M. E., Dolch, T., Ellis, J. A., Ferdman, R. D., Ferrara, E. C., Garver-Daniels, N., Gentile, P. A., Jones, M. L., Lam, M. T., Lorimer, D. R., Lynch, R. S., McLaughlin, M. A., Ng, C., Nice, D. J., Pennucci, T. T., Spiewak, R., Stairs, I. H., Stovall, K., Swiggum, J. K., & Zhu, W. W. (2020). Relativistic Shapiro delay measurements of an extremely massive millisecond pulsar. Nature Astronomy, 4, 72-76.
  • Ekşi, K. Y., Andaç, İ. C., Çıkıntoğlu, S., Gençali, A. A., Güngör, C., & Öztekin, F. (2015). The ultraluminous X-ray source NuSTAR J095551+6940.8: a magnetar in a high-mass X-ray binary. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, 448(1), L40-L42.
  • Erkut, M. H. (2005). Accretion disks around magnetized neutron stars (Thesis No. 170845) [Doctoral dissertation, Boğaziçi University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
  • Erkut, M. H., & Alpar, M. A. (2004). On the rotational dynamics of magnetically threaded disks around neutron stars. The Astrophysical Journal, 617(1), 461-470.
  • Erkut, M. H., & Çatmabacak, O. (2017). Parallel tracks as quasi-steady states for the magnetic boundary layers in neutron-star low-mass X-ray binaries. The Astrophysical Journal, 849(1), Article 58.
  • Erkut, M. H., Ekşi, K. Y., & Alpar, M. A. (2019). Ultra-luminous X-ray sources as super-critical propellers. The Astrophysical Journal, 873(2), Article 105.
  • Erkut, M. H., Türkoğlu, M. M., Ekşi, K. Y., & Alpar, M. A. (2020). On the magnetic fields, beaming fractions, and fastness parameters of pulsating ultraluminous X-ray sources. The Astrophysical Journal, 899(2), Article 97.
  • Fürst, F., Walton, D. J., Harrison, F. A., Stern, D., Barret, D., Brightman, M., Fabian, A. C., Grefenstette, B., Madsen, K. K., Middleton, M. J., Miller, J. M., Pottschmidt, K., Ptak, A., Rana, V., & Webb, N. (2016). Discovery of coherent pulsations from the ultraluminous X-ray source NGC 7793 P13. The Astrophysical Journal Letters, 831(2), Article L14.
  • Ghosh, P., & Lamb, F. K. (1979). Accretion by rotating magnetic neutron stars. II. Radial and vertical structure of the transition zone in disk accretion. The Astrophysical Journal, 232, 259-276.
  • Israel, G. L., Belfiore, A., Stella, L., Esposito, P., Casella, P., De Luca, A., Marelli, M., Papitto, A., Perri, M., Puccetti, S., Rodríguez Castillo, G. A., Salvetti, D., Tiengo, A., Zampieri, L., D’Agostino, D., Greiner, J., Haberl, F., Novara, G., Salvaterra, R., Turolla, R., Watson, M., Wilms, J., & Wolter, A. (2017). An accreting pulsar with extreme properties drives an ultraluminous X-ray source in NGC 5907. Science, 355(6327), 817-819.
  • Kaaret, P., Feng, H., & Roberts, T. P. (2017). Ultraluminous X-ray sources. Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 55(1), 303-341.
  • Lattimer, J. M. (2019). Neutron star mass and radius measurements. Universe, 5(7), Article 159.
  • Lattimer, J. M., & Schutz, B. F. (2005). Constraining the equation of state with moment of inertia measurements. The Astrophysical Journal, 629(2), 979-984.
  • Paczynski, B. (1992). GB 790305 as a very strongly magnetized neutron star. Acta Astronomica, 42, 145-153.
  • Rodríguez Castillo, G. A., Israel, G. L., Belfiore, A., Bernardini, F., Esposito, P., Pintore, F., De Luca, A., Papitto, A., Stella, L., Tiengo, A., Zampieri, L., Bachetti, M., Brightman, M., Casella, P., D’Agostino, D., Dall’Osso, S., Earnshaw, H. P., Fürst, F., Haberl, F., Harrison, F. A., Mapelli, M., Marelli, M., Middleton, M. J., Pinto, C., Roberts, T. P., Salvaterra, R., Turolla, R., Walton, D. J., & Wolter, A. (2020). The Astrophysical Journal, 895(1), Article 60.
  • Sathyaprakash, R., Roberts, T. P., Walton, D. J., Fuerst, F., Bachetti, M., Pinto, C., Alston, W. N., Earnshaw, H. P., Fabian, A. C., Middleton, M. J., & Soria, R. (2019). The discovery of weak coherent pulsations in the ultraluminous X-ray source NGC 1313 X-2. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, 488(1), L35-L40.
  • Shakura, N. I., & Sunyaev, R. A. (1973). Black holes in binary systems. Observational appearance. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 24, 337-355.
  • Staubert, R., Trümper, J., Kendziorra, E., Klochkov, D., Postnov, K., Kretschmar, P., Pottschmidt, K., Haberl, F., Rothschild, R. E., Santangelo, A., Wilms, J., Kreykenbohm, I., & Fürst, F. (2019). Cyclotron lines in highly magnetized neutron stars. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 622, Article A61.
  • Walton, D. J., Bachetti, M., Fürst, F., Barret, D., Brightman, M., Fabian, A. C., Grefenstette, B. W., Harrison, F. A., Heida, M., Kennea, J., Kosec, P., Lau, R. M., Madsen, K. K., Middleton, M. J., Pinto, C., Steiner, J. F., & Webb, N. (2018). A potential cyclotron resonant scattering feature in the ultraluminous X-ray source pulsar NGC 300 ULX1 seen by NuSTAR and XMM-Newton. The Astrophysical Journal Letters, 857(1), Article L3.
  • Wilson-Hodge, C. A., Malacaria, C., Jenke, P. A., Jaisawal, G. K., Kerr, M., Wolff, M. T., Arzoumanian, Z., Chakrabarty, D., Doty, J. P., Gendreau, K. C., Guillot, S., Ho, W. C. G., LaMarr, B., Markwardt, C. B., Özel, F., Prigozhin, G. Y., Ray, P. S., Ramos-Lerate, M., Remillard, R. A., Strohmayer, T. E., Vezie, M. L., Wood, K. S., & NICER Science Team (2018). NICER and Fermi GBM observations of the first galactic ultraluminous X-ray pulsar Swift J0243.6+6124. The Astrophysical Journal, 863(1), Article 9.
Toplam 24 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Mehmet Hakan Erkut 0000-0003-1054-264X

Proje Numarası yok
Erken Görünüm Tarihi 29 Temmuz 2021
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Kasım 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Sayı: 27

Kaynak Göster

APA Erkut, M. H. (2021). On the Mass and Magnetic Field of the Neutron Star in the Ultraluminous X-Ray Source NGC 300 ULX1. Avrupa Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi(27), 74-81. https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.939104