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Evaluation of Flight Permissions of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Turkey

Yıl 2022, Sayı: 35, 616 - 624, 07.05.2022
https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.1033304

Öz

The fields of application and types of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) have expanded more and more. As a result of this expansion, countries' applicable legislation, as well as generally accepted rules, are changing. Otherwise, uncontrolled UAV use is very prone to damage to other aircraft, structures, or people. Therefore, this research comprises a qualitative review as well as a comparative analysis of professionals who have worked with UAV piloting and operations for years, as well as the industry and other institutions involved. In addition, the Turkish UAV industry and applications were probed. In Turkey, the number of UAV pilots and registered UAVs is increasing at a rate of 55 percent each year. The clear and evolving nature of the regulations, as well as the training institutes' use of a large and qualified workforce, encourage individuals to pursue UAV training. UAVs, on the other hand, are likely to be developed to meet insurance and flight permission requirements.

Kaynakça

  • Şenol, K. and Oğuzhan, Ü., "İnsansız Hava Araçları (İHA) Üzerine Hava Hukuku Açısından Bir Değerlendirme," Erciyes Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 195-213, 2015.
  • Keane, J. F. and Carr, S. S., "A brief history of early unmanned aircraft," Johns Hopkins APL Technical Digest (Applied Physics Laboratory), Review vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 558-571, 2013. [Online]. Available: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84892557236&partnerID=40&md5=8e6a3b7870d49000f130d93ef90522a6.
  • Erdem, A., "Türkiye’nin İnsansız Hava Aracı (İHA) İhracat Rekabet Gücünün Analizi," Türkiye İnsansız Hava Araçları Dergisi, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 7-16, 2021.
  • FİDAN, Ş. and Ali, U., "Türk Hukuk Mevzuatında Sivil İnsansız Hava Araçları Hukukunun Güncel Durumu," Türkiye İnsansız Hava Araçları Dergisi, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 28-35, 2021.
  • SSB, "Türkiye insansız hava aracı sistemleri yol haritası (2011-2030)," Ankara, 2011. Accessed: 01.08.2021.
  • Doğan, Y. and Yıldız, F., "İHA İLE MULTİSPEKTRAL KAMERALARDAN SAĞLANAN GÖRÜNTÜLER YARDIMIYLA BİTKİ TÜRLERİNİN SINIFLANDIRILMASI," Türkiye İnsansız Hava Araçları Dergisi, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 15-22.
  • Turner, I. L., Harley, M. D., and Drummond, C. D., "UAVs for coastal surveying," Coastal Engineering, vol. 114, pp. 19-24, 2016.
  • Deliry, S. I. and Avdan, U., "Accuracy of Unmanned Aerial Systems Photogrammetry and Structure from Motion in Surveying and Mapping: A Review," J Indian Soc Remote, vol. 49, no. 8, pp. 1997-2017, Aug 2021, doi: 10.1007/s12524-021-01366-x.
  • Fraser, R. H., Olthof, I., Lantz, T. C., and Schmitt, C., "UAV photogrammetry for mapping vegetation in the low-Arctic," Arctic Science, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 79-102, 2016.
  • Gonçalves, J. and Henriques, R., "UAV photogrammetry for topographic monitoring of coastal areas," ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, vol. 104, pp. 101-111, 2015.
  • ZIBA, H. E. and YILMAZ, H. M., "Karayolu projeleri için İHA ile şeritvari harita üretimi," Türkiye İnsansız Hava Araçları Dergisi, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 23-32, 2019.
  • Akhloufi, M. A., Couturier, A., and Castro, N. A., "Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Wildland Fires: Sensing, Perception, Cooperation and Assistance," Drones, vol. 5, no. 1, Mar 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/drones5010015.
  • Eugenio, F. C., Schons, C. T., Mallmann, C. L., Schuh, M. S., Fernandes, P., and Badin, T. L., "Remotely piloted aircraft systems and forests: a global state of the art and future challenges," Can J Forest Res, vol. 50, no. 8, pp. 705-716, Aug 2020, doi: 10.1139/cjfr-2019-0375.
  • Ghamry, K. A., Kamel, M. A., and Zhang, Y., "Multiple UAVs in forest fire fighting mission using particle swarm optimization," 2017 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS), 2017: IEEE, pp. 1404-1409.
  • Ahmad, A., Ordonez, J., Cartujo, P., and Martos, V., "Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA) in Agriculture: A Pursuit of Sustainability," Agronomy-Basel, vol. 11, no. 1, Jan 2021, doi: 10.3390/agronomy11010007.
  • Candiago, S., Remondino, F., De Giglio, M., Dubbini, M., and Gattelli, M., "Evaluating multispectral images and vegetation indices for precision farming applications from UAV images," Remote sensing, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 4026-4047, 2015.
  • AKKAMIŞ, M. and ÇALIŞKAN, S., "İnsansız Hava Araçları ve Tarımsal Uygulamalarda Kullanımı," Türkiye İnsansız Hava Araçları Dergisi, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 8-16, 2020.
  • CEYLAN, M. C. and Uysal, M., "İNSANSIZ HAVA ARAÇLARINDAN ÜRETİLEN VERİLERİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ VE AĞAÇLIK ALANLARIN SINIFLANDIRILMASI," Türkiye İnsansız Hava Araçları Dergisi, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1-6.
  • Faust, A., Palunko, I., Cruz, P., Fierro, R., and Tapia, L., "Automated aerial suspended cargo delivery through reinforcement learning," Artificial Intelligence, vol. 247, pp. 381-398, 2017.
  • Beloev, I. H., "A review on current and emerging application possibilities for unmanned aerial vehicles," Acta technologica agriculturae, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 70-76, 2016.
  • Moumgiakmas, S. S., Samatas, G. G., and Papakostas, G. A., "Computer Vision for Fire Detection on UAVs—From Software to Hardware," Future Internet, vol. 13, no. 8, p. 200, 2021.
  • Stöcker, C., Bennett, R., Nex, F., Gerke, M., and Zevenbergen, J., "Review of the current state of UAV regulations," Remote sensing, vol. 9, no. 5, p. 459, 2017.
  • Pajares, G., "Overview and current status of remote sensing applications based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)," Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, vol. 81, no. 4, pp. 281-330, 2015.
  • Zimroz, P. et al., "Application of UAV in Search and Rescue Actions in Underground Mine-A Specific Sound Detection in Noisy Acoustic Signal," Energies, vol. 14, no. 13, Jul 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/en14133725.
  • Wang, X., Lo, E., De Vivo, L., Hutchinson, T. C., and Kuester, F., "Monitoring the earthquake response of full-scale structures using UAV vision-based techniques," Struct Control Hlth, Oct 7 2021, doi: 10.1002/stc.2862.
  • Saif, A., Dimyati, K., Noordin, K. A., Alsamhi, S. H., and Hawbani, A., "Multi-UAV and SAR collaboration model for disaster management in B5G networks," Internet Technol Let, Jul 16 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/itl2.310.
  • Organization, I. C. A. "The Safe and Efficient Integration of UAS into Airspace." https://www.iata.org/contentassets/e45e5219cc8c4277a0e80562590793da/safe-efficient-integration-uas-airspace.pdf (Accessed: 15.10.2021).
  • Global Market Insight Inc. "Commercial Drone Market Growth—Industry Analysis Report 2024." Global Market Insights Inc. https://www.gminsights.com/industry-analysis/unmanned-aerial-vehicles-UAV-commercialdrone-market (Accessed: 10.06.2021).
  • Savas, T., Usanmaz, O., Sahin, O., Çınar, E., and Karaderili, M., "Integration effects of UAVs in non-segregated airspace," Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, 2021.
  • Beté, T. d. S., Storópoli, J. E., Rodriguez Ramos, H., Conti, D. d. M., Capellani Quaresma, C., and Querido Oliveira, E. A. d. A., "Comparative Analysis of Unmanned Aircraft Regulations for The Development Of Startups," Journal of technology management & innovation, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 41-55, 2021.
  • DeGarmo, M. T., "Issues concerning integration of unmanned aerial vehicles in civil airspace," Center for Advanced Aviation System Development, vol. 4, 2004.
  • Abeyratne, R., "The aviation system block upgrades: Legal and regulatory issues," Air and Space Law, vol. 39, no. 2, 2014.
  • EASA. https://www.easa.europa.eu/ (Accessed: 08.11.2021).
  • FAA, "Integration of Civil Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) in the National Airspace System (NAS) Roadmap," 2020 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.faa.gov/uas/resources/policy_library/media/2019_UAS_Civil_Integration_Roadmap_third_edition.pdf
  • ICAO, "Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS) Concept Of Operations For International IFR Operations," 2017. Accessed: 10.10.2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.icao.int/safety/UA/Documents/ICAO%20RPAS%20Concept%20of%20Operations.pdf
  • ICAO, Manual on Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS). International Civil Aviation Organization Doc 10019, 2015.
  • ICAO, "Air Traffic Management," in "Doc 4444," 2016.
  • Pérez-Batlle, M., Tadeo, C., and Pastor, E., "A methodology for measuring the impact on flight inefficiency of future RPAS operations," in 2015 IEEE/AIAA 34th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC): IEEE, pp. 5B1-1-5B1-9.
  • SAVAS, T., "İnsansız Hava Aracı Sistemlerinin Ayrılmamış Hava Sahasina Entegrasyonunun Pilotaj ve Hava Trafik Yönetimi Açisindan Değerlendirilmesi," Doctoral, Air Traffic Control, Eskisehir Technical University, 2019.
  • ICAO, "Convention on International Civil Aviation," 2006. Accessed: 05.10.2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.icao.int/publications/Documents/7300_9ed.pdf
  • Ferreira, R. B. et al., "A risk analysis of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) integration into non-segregate airspace," 2018 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS), 2018: IEEE, pp. 42-51.
  • RADU, C., "ICAO Vision," in "Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems Symposium ", 23-25 March 2015. Accessed: 10.09.2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.icao.int/Meetings/RPAS/RPASSymposiumPresentation/Day%201%20Session%201%20Catalin%20Radu%20-%20ICAO%20Vision.pdf
  • SESAR, "European ATM Master Plan," 2015. Accessed: 05.09.2021. [Online]. Available: https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/8efc7518-bf40-11e5-9e54-01aa75ed71a1/language-en
  • European Aviation Safety Agency, "Notice of Proposed Amendment 2017-05 (A) - Introduction of a regulatory framework for the operation of drones," in "Bruxelles," 2017.
  • European Aviation Safety Agency, "Notice of Proposed Amendment 2017-05 (B) - Introduction of a regulatory framework for the operation of drones," 2017.
  • European Aviation Safety Agency, "”Drone Collision” Task Force. Final Report,” European Aviation Safety Agency," 2016.
  • DGCA, "İnsansız Hava Aracı Sistemleri Talimatı (SHT-İHA)," 2021. Accessed: 25.10.2021.
  • DGCA, "İHA Uçuş İzni Talep Formu." web.shgm.gov.tr/documents/sivilhavacilik/files/formlar/seyrusefer_dairesi/hava_trafik/FR.19.DOCX (Accessed: 01.11.2021).
  • DGCA, "UAV Registration Portal." https://iha.shgm.gov.tr (Accessed: 02.08.2021).
  • DGCA, "UAV Flight Permission Request Form." web.shgm.gov.tr/documents/sivilhavacilik/files/formlar/seyrusefer_dairesi/hava_trafik/FR.23.DOCX (Accessed: 01.10.2021).
  • Dudovskiy, J. "Snowball sampling." https://research-methodology.net/sampling-in-primary-data-collection/snowball-sampling/ (Accessed: 01.09.2021).
  • Chamuah, A. and Singh, R., "Securing sustainability in Indian agriculture through civilian UAV: a responsible innovation perspective," SN Applied Sciences, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1-10, 2020.
  • Chamuah, A. and Singh, R., "Responsibly regulating the civilian unmanned aerial vehicle deployment in India and Japan," Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, 2021.

Türkiye'deki İnsansız Hava Araçlarının Uçuş İzinlerinin Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2022, Sayı: 35, 616 - 624, 07.05.2022
https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.1033304

Öz

İnsansız Hava Araçlarının (İHA) kullanım alanları ve kullanım çeşidi her geçen gün artmaktadır. Bu artış beraberinde her ülkenin ilgili mevzuatları geliştirmesine ve genel kabul görmüş kurallar getirmesine neden olmaktadır. Aksi halde kontrolsüz İHA kullanımının diğer hava araçlarına, yapılara veya insanlara zarar verme olasılığını artıracaktır. Bu nedenle çalışmada Türkiye’de uzun yıllardır İHA pilotluğu ve işletmeciliği yapan kişilerle sektörün, diğer kurumlarla olan karşılaştırmalı analizi ile niteliksel değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır. Ayrıca Türkiye’deki İHA sektörü ve İHA uygulamaları anlatılmıştır. Türkiye’deki İHA pilot sayısı ile kayıtlı İHA sayısı her yıl yaklaşık % 55 artış gözlenmektedir. Mevzuatın açık ve sürekli gelişiyor olması, eğitim kurumlarının fazla ve yetkin kişilerden oluşması insanların İHA eğitimi almalarını teşvik ettiği görülmüştür. Diğer taraftan İHA’ların sigortalama ve uçuş izin konularında gelişmesi beklenmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Şenol, K. and Oğuzhan, Ü., "İnsansız Hava Araçları (İHA) Üzerine Hava Hukuku Açısından Bir Değerlendirme," Erciyes Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 195-213, 2015.
  • Keane, J. F. and Carr, S. S., "A brief history of early unmanned aircraft," Johns Hopkins APL Technical Digest (Applied Physics Laboratory), Review vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 558-571, 2013. [Online]. Available: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84892557236&partnerID=40&md5=8e6a3b7870d49000f130d93ef90522a6.
  • Erdem, A., "Türkiye’nin İnsansız Hava Aracı (İHA) İhracat Rekabet Gücünün Analizi," Türkiye İnsansız Hava Araçları Dergisi, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 7-16, 2021.
  • FİDAN, Ş. and Ali, U., "Türk Hukuk Mevzuatında Sivil İnsansız Hava Araçları Hukukunun Güncel Durumu," Türkiye İnsansız Hava Araçları Dergisi, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 28-35, 2021.
  • SSB, "Türkiye insansız hava aracı sistemleri yol haritası (2011-2030)," Ankara, 2011. Accessed: 01.08.2021.
  • Doğan, Y. and Yıldız, F., "İHA İLE MULTİSPEKTRAL KAMERALARDAN SAĞLANAN GÖRÜNTÜLER YARDIMIYLA BİTKİ TÜRLERİNİN SINIFLANDIRILMASI," Türkiye İnsansız Hava Araçları Dergisi, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 15-22.
  • Turner, I. L., Harley, M. D., and Drummond, C. D., "UAVs for coastal surveying," Coastal Engineering, vol. 114, pp. 19-24, 2016.
  • Deliry, S. I. and Avdan, U., "Accuracy of Unmanned Aerial Systems Photogrammetry and Structure from Motion in Surveying and Mapping: A Review," J Indian Soc Remote, vol. 49, no. 8, pp. 1997-2017, Aug 2021, doi: 10.1007/s12524-021-01366-x.
  • Fraser, R. H., Olthof, I., Lantz, T. C., and Schmitt, C., "UAV photogrammetry for mapping vegetation in the low-Arctic," Arctic Science, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 79-102, 2016.
  • Gonçalves, J. and Henriques, R., "UAV photogrammetry for topographic monitoring of coastal areas," ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, vol. 104, pp. 101-111, 2015.
  • ZIBA, H. E. and YILMAZ, H. M., "Karayolu projeleri için İHA ile şeritvari harita üretimi," Türkiye İnsansız Hava Araçları Dergisi, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 23-32, 2019.
  • Akhloufi, M. A., Couturier, A., and Castro, N. A., "Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Wildland Fires: Sensing, Perception, Cooperation and Assistance," Drones, vol. 5, no. 1, Mar 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/drones5010015.
  • Eugenio, F. C., Schons, C. T., Mallmann, C. L., Schuh, M. S., Fernandes, P., and Badin, T. L., "Remotely piloted aircraft systems and forests: a global state of the art and future challenges," Can J Forest Res, vol. 50, no. 8, pp. 705-716, Aug 2020, doi: 10.1139/cjfr-2019-0375.
  • Ghamry, K. A., Kamel, M. A., and Zhang, Y., "Multiple UAVs in forest fire fighting mission using particle swarm optimization," 2017 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS), 2017: IEEE, pp. 1404-1409.
  • Ahmad, A., Ordonez, J., Cartujo, P., and Martos, V., "Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA) in Agriculture: A Pursuit of Sustainability," Agronomy-Basel, vol. 11, no. 1, Jan 2021, doi: 10.3390/agronomy11010007.
  • Candiago, S., Remondino, F., De Giglio, M., Dubbini, M., and Gattelli, M., "Evaluating multispectral images and vegetation indices for precision farming applications from UAV images," Remote sensing, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 4026-4047, 2015.
  • AKKAMIŞ, M. and ÇALIŞKAN, S., "İnsansız Hava Araçları ve Tarımsal Uygulamalarda Kullanımı," Türkiye İnsansız Hava Araçları Dergisi, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 8-16, 2020.
  • CEYLAN, M. C. and Uysal, M., "İNSANSIZ HAVA ARAÇLARINDAN ÜRETİLEN VERİLERİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ VE AĞAÇLIK ALANLARIN SINIFLANDIRILMASI," Türkiye İnsansız Hava Araçları Dergisi, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1-6.
  • Faust, A., Palunko, I., Cruz, P., Fierro, R., and Tapia, L., "Automated aerial suspended cargo delivery through reinforcement learning," Artificial Intelligence, vol. 247, pp. 381-398, 2017.
  • Beloev, I. H., "A review on current and emerging application possibilities for unmanned aerial vehicles," Acta technologica agriculturae, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 70-76, 2016.
  • Moumgiakmas, S. S., Samatas, G. G., and Papakostas, G. A., "Computer Vision for Fire Detection on UAVs—From Software to Hardware," Future Internet, vol. 13, no. 8, p. 200, 2021.
  • Stöcker, C., Bennett, R., Nex, F., Gerke, M., and Zevenbergen, J., "Review of the current state of UAV regulations," Remote sensing, vol. 9, no. 5, p. 459, 2017.
  • Pajares, G., "Overview and current status of remote sensing applications based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)," Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, vol. 81, no. 4, pp. 281-330, 2015.
  • Zimroz, P. et al., "Application of UAV in Search and Rescue Actions in Underground Mine-A Specific Sound Detection in Noisy Acoustic Signal," Energies, vol. 14, no. 13, Jul 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/en14133725.
  • Wang, X., Lo, E., De Vivo, L., Hutchinson, T. C., and Kuester, F., "Monitoring the earthquake response of full-scale structures using UAV vision-based techniques," Struct Control Hlth, Oct 7 2021, doi: 10.1002/stc.2862.
  • Saif, A., Dimyati, K., Noordin, K. A., Alsamhi, S. H., and Hawbani, A., "Multi-UAV and SAR collaboration model for disaster management in B5G networks," Internet Technol Let, Jul 16 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/itl2.310.
  • Organization, I. C. A. "The Safe and Efficient Integration of UAS into Airspace." https://www.iata.org/contentassets/e45e5219cc8c4277a0e80562590793da/safe-efficient-integration-uas-airspace.pdf (Accessed: 15.10.2021).
  • Global Market Insight Inc. "Commercial Drone Market Growth—Industry Analysis Report 2024." Global Market Insights Inc. https://www.gminsights.com/industry-analysis/unmanned-aerial-vehicles-UAV-commercialdrone-market (Accessed: 10.06.2021).
  • Savas, T., Usanmaz, O., Sahin, O., Çınar, E., and Karaderili, M., "Integration effects of UAVs in non-segregated airspace," Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, 2021.
  • Beté, T. d. S., Storópoli, J. E., Rodriguez Ramos, H., Conti, D. d. M., Capellani Quaresma, C., and Querido Oliveira, E. A. d. A., "Comparative Analysis of Unmanned Aircraft Regulations for The Development Of Startups," Journal of technology management & innovation, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 41-55, 2021.
  • DeGarmo, M. T., "Issues concerning integration of unmanned aerial vehicles in civil airspace," Center for Advanced Aviation System Development, vol. 4, 2004.
  • Abeyratne, R., "The aviation system block upgrades: Legal and regulatory issues," Air and Space Law, vol. 39, no. 2, 2014.
  • EASA. https://www.easa.europa.eu/ (Accessed: 08.11.2021).
  • FAA, "Integration of Civil Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) in the National Airspace System (NAS) Roadmap," 2020 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.faa.gov/uas/resources/policy_library/media/2019_UAS_Civil_Integration_Roadmap_third_edition.pdf
  • ICAO, "Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS) Concept Of Operations For International IFR Operations," 2017. Accessed: 10.10.2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.icao.int/safety/UA/Documents/ICAO%20RPAS%20Concept%20of%20Operations.pdf
  • ICAO, Manual on Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS). International Civil Aviation Organization Doc 10019, 2015.
  • ICAO, "Air Traffic Management," in "Doc 4444," 2016.
  • Pérez-Batlle, M., Tadeo, C., and Pastor, E., "A methodology for measuring the impact on flight inefficiency of future RPAS operations," in 2015 IEEE/AIAA 34th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC): IEEE, pp. 5B1-1-5B1-9.
  • SAVAS, T., "İnsansız Hava Aracı Sistemlerinin Ayrılmamış Hava Sahasina Entegrasyonunun Pilotaj ve Hava Trafik Yönetimi Açisindan Değerlendirilmesi," Doctoral, Air Traffic Control, Eskisehir Technical University, 2019.
  • ICAO, "Convention on International Civil Aviation," 2006. Accessed: 05.10.2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.icao.int/publications/Documents/7300_9ed.pdf
  • Ferreira, R. B. et al., "A risk analysis of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) integration into non-segregate airspace," 2018 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS), 2018: IEEE, pp. 42-51.
  • RADU, C., "ICAO Vision," in "Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems Symposium ", 23-25 March 2015. Accessed: 10.09.2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.icao.int/Meetings/RPAS/RPASSymposiumPresentation/Day%201%20Session%201%20Catalin%20Radu%20-%20ICAO%20Vision.pdf
  • SESAR, "European ATM Master Plan," 2015. Accessed: 05.09.2021. [Online]. Available: https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/8efc7518-bf40-11e5-9e54-01aa75ed71a1/language-en
  • European Aviation Safety Agency, "Notice of Proposed Amendment 2017-05 (A) - Introduction of a regulatory framework for the operation of drones," in "Bruxelles," 2017.
  • European Aviation Safety Agency, "Notice of Proposed Amendment 2017-05 (B) - Introduction of a regulatory framework for the operation of drones," 2017.
  • European Aviation Safety Agency, "”Drone Collision” Task Force. Final Report,” European Aviation Safety Agency," 2016.
  • DGCA, "İnsansız Hava Aracı Sistemleri Talimatı (SHT-İHA)," 2021. Accessed: 25.10.2021.
  • DGCA, "İHA Uçuş İzni Talep Formu." web.shgm.gov.tr/documents/sivilhavacilik/files/formlar/seyrusefer_dairesi/hava_trafik/FR.19.DOCX (Accessed: 01.11.2021).
  • DGCA, "UAV Registration Portal." https://iha.shgm.gov.tr (Accessed: 02.08.2021).
  • DGCA, "UAV Flight Permission Request Form." web.shgm.gov.tr/documents/sivilhavacilik/files/formlar/seyrusefer_dairesi/hava_trafik/FR.23.DOCX (Accessed: 01.10.2021).
  • Dudovskiy, J. "Snowball sampling." https://research-methodology.net/sampling-in-primary-data-collection/snowball-sampling/ (Accessed: 01.09.2021).
  • Chamuah, A. and Singh, R., "Securing sustainability in Indian agriculture through civilian UAV: a responsible innovation perspective," SN Applied Sciences, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1-10, 2020.
  • Chamuah, A. and Singh, R., "Responsibly regulating the civilian unmanned aerial vehicle deployment in India and Japan," Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, 2021.
Toplam 53 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Tamer Savaş 0000-0003-2136-2003

Yayımlanma Tarihi 7 Mayıs 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Sayı: 35

Kaynak Göster

APA Savaş, T. (2022). Evaluation of Flight Permissions of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Turkey. Avrupa Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi(35), 616-624. https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.1033304