Measurement of the Number of Photoelectrons per MeV for Neutron Detectors

Öz

The light gains of a detector system (PMT and scintillator) is characterized by the number of photoelectrons produced per unit of energy (usually MeV). In this study, the results of light gain tests for 10 Hamamatsu R11833 model photomultiplier tubes (PMT) are shown. Various radioactive sources were used in conjunction with the EJ309 liquid scintillator to determine the light gain. The number of photoelectrons produced per unit energy was determined by comparing the size of the signal generated by the photons produced by PMT during the scintillation process using radioactive sources and the size of the signal generated when a single photo electron (SPE) was produced by the PMT. The test results show that the performances of the PMTs are sufficient for neutron detector arrays used in experiments with radioactive ion beams. The supply voltage of the photomultiplier tubes must be changed to achieve similar light gains.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Photomultiplier Tube
• Single Photoelectron
• Liquid Scintillator
• Photoelectron Yield
• Neutron Detection.

Destekleyen Kurum

TUBITAK

Proje Numarası

117F114

Teşekkür

This study is supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK Project No: 117F114).

Kaynakça

1. ***, NEDA (GANIL): NEDA is an auxiliary detector system to be combined with gamma detector arrays. NEDA will provide detailed detection of more than one neutron at the same moment, http://pro.ganil-spiral2.eu/spiral2/instrumentation/neda
2. ***, SPIRAL2: It is a new project that will accelerate the beam of radioactive ions in line with the requests of more than 700 physicists, http://pro.ganil-spiral2.eu/spiral2/what-is-spiral2/description-of-spiral2
3. ***, SPES: It will be a multi-user radioactive ion beam center. Studies in interdisciplinary applied physics, material sciences and medical applications will be conducted. It is included in INFN's road map as a nuclear physics development project, http://web.infn.it/spes/
4. ***, ISOLDE(CERN), http://isolde.web.cern.ch/ISOLDE/

5. ***, FAIR (Darmstadt): It is established as an International Antiproton and Ionian research center. It will enable experiments around the world as an accelerator center, http://www.gsi.de/en/research/fair.htm
6. ***, AGATA: Gama ışınlarının dedektör içerisinde izlenmesini sağlayan, oldukça yüksek verimlilik ve durum belirleme özelliğine sahip bir sistemdir. Türkiye dahil on iki Avrupa ülkesi tarafından finanse edilmektedir, http://www-w2k.gsi.de/agata/
7. ***, EXOGAM2: This system is a fully digital gamma sequence set up in GANIL and has the ability to operate at very high counting rates, http://pro.ganil-spiral2.eu/spiral2/instrumentation/exogam2
8. ***, GALILEO: It is a new 4π high resolution gamma array and consists of Cluster detectors. It will be used to examine nuclei structures in exotic radioactive ion beams produced by SPES.

9. ***, PARIS: It will be used in the exemine of giant resonances that will be formed by dense neutron-rich ions coming from SPIRAL2. They are scintillation detectors with LaBr3 created to detect high energy gamma rays, http://paris.ifj.edu.pl/index.php?lng=en
10. ***, Hamamatsu R11833 model Photomultiplier Tubes, https://www.hamamatsu.com/eu/en/product/type/R11833-100-03/index.html
11. ***, EJ309 liquid scintillator, https://eljentechnology.com/products/liquid-scintillators/ej-301-ej-309
12. Johan Nyberg, HOWTO measure the number of photoelectrons per MeV for the detectors of the Neutron Wall, https://nsg.physics.uu.se/sites/default/files/howto-nphe-v02.pdf
13. ***, PMTs of NEDA — Measurement of Photoelectrons Yield and Quantum Efficiency, http://www.lnl.infn.it/~annrep/read_ar/2016/contributions/pdfs/092_C_96_C091.pdf