Hava Taşımacılığı, Bilgi İletişim Teknolojisi, Ekonomik Büyüme Ve Nüfusun CO2 Emisyonlarına Etkisi: Türkiye Örneği

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 3, 172 - 193, 31.12.2022

Esra Yaşar

https://doi.org/10.38009/ekimad.1120689

Cited By: 3

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’de bilgi iletişim teknolojisi, ekonomik büyüme, havayolu taşımacılığı ve nüfusun karbondioksit emisyonları üzerindeki etkilerini analiz ederek literatüre katkıda bulunmaktır. Bu bağlamda değişkenler 1995-2018 dönemlerine ait yıllık verilerden faydalanılarak analiz edilmiştir. ARDL modeli kullanılmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda elde edilen bulgularda; analize dâhil edilen değişkenlerin arasında uzun vadeli eş bütünleşme ilişkisi olduğu belirlenmiştir. Kısa dönem sonuçlarına göre, bilgi iletişim teknolojisi, ekonomik büyüme ve nüfus değişkenlerinin karbondioksit emisyonları üzerinde pozitif ve anlamlı bir etkisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Uzun dönem sonuçlarında ise, karbondioksit emisyonu üzerinde ekonomik büyüme ve havayolu taşımacılığının pozitif ve anlamlı, nüfus ile negatif ve anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu belirlenirken, bilgi iletişim teknolojisi değişkenine ait katsayının pozitif olmasına rağmen istatistiksel olarak anlamsız olduğu tespit edilmiştir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Havayolu Taşımacılığı, BİT, CO2 Emisyonu, GSYİH, ARDL, Granger nedenselliği., Air Freight, ICT, CO2 Emissions, GDP

The Effect of Air Transportation, Information Communication Technology, Economic Growth and Population on CO2 Emissions: The Case of Turkey

Öz

The aim of this study is to contribute to the literature by analyzing the effects of information communication technology, economic growth, air transport and population on carbon dioxide emissions in Turkey. In this context, the variables were analyzed by making use of the annual data of the 1995-2018 periods. ARDL model was used. In the findings obtained as a result of the analyzes; It was determined that there was a long-term cointegration relationship between the variables included in the analysis. According to the short-term results, it has been determined that information communication technology, economic growth and population variables have a positive and significant effect on carbon dioxide emissions. In the long-term results, it has been determined that there is a positive and significant relationship between economic growth and air transport on carbon dioxide emissions, and a negative and significant relationship with the population, while the coefficient of the information communication technology variable is positive, but statistically insignificant.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Air Freight, ICT, CO2 Emissions, GDP

Kaynakça

• Ahmed, Z., & Le, H. P. (2021). Linking information communication technology, trade globalization index, and CO2 emissions: evidence from advanced panel techniques. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(7), 8770-8781.
• Ananda, R., Jamal, A., & Mahmud, M. S. (2020). Is the economic growth of ASEAN-10 related to air transportation? A panel ARDL approach. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Studi Pembangunan, 12(1), 10-17.
• Asongu, S. A. (2018). ICT, openness and CO2 emissions in Africa. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25(10), 9351-9359.
• Asongu, S. A., Le Roux, S., & Biekpe, N. (2018). Enhancing ICT for environmental sustainability in sub-Saharan Africa. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 127, 209-216.
• Asumadu-Sarkodie, S., & Owusu, P. (2017). Carbon dioxide emissions, GDP per capita, industrialization and population: An evidence from Rwanda. Environmental Engineering Research, 22(1).
• ATAG Facts & Figures. (2020, Eylül). Erişim adresi: https://www.atag.org/component/factfigures/?Itemid=
• Avom, D., Nkengfack, H., Fotio, H. K., & Totouom, A. (2020). ICT and environmental quality in Sub-Saharan Africa: Effects and transmission channels. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 155, 120028.
• Azam, A., Rafiq, M., Shafique, M., & Yuan, J. (2021). An empirical analysis of the non-linear effects of natural gas, nuclear energy, renewable energy and ICT-Trade in leading CO2 emitter countries: Policy towards CO2 mitigation and economic sustainability. Journal of Environmental Management, 286, 112232.
• Balsalobre-Lorente, D., Driha, O. M., Bekun, F. V., & Adedoyin, F. F. (2021). The asymmetric impact of air transport on economic growth in Spain: fresh evidence from the tourism-led growth hypothesis. Current issues in tourism, 24(4), 503-519.
• Barış-Tüzemen, Ö., Tüzemen, S., & Çelik, A. K. (2020). Does an N-shaped association exist between pollution and ICT in Turkey? ARDL and quantile regression approaches. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(17), 20786-20799.
• Begum, R. A., Sohag, K., Abdullah, S. M. S., & Jaafar, M. (2015). CO2 emissions, energy consumption, economic and population growth in Malaysia. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 41, 594-601.
• Chatti, W. (2021). Moving towards environmental sustainability: information and communication technology (ICT), freight transport, and CO2 emissions. Heliyon, 7(10), e08190.
• Chatti, W., & Majeed, M. T. (2022). Investigating the links between ICTs, passenger transportation, and environmental sustainability. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(18), 26564-26574.
• Chi, J., & Baek, J. (2013). Dynamic relationship between air transport demand and economic growth in the United States: A new look. Transport Policy, 29, 257-260. Danish (2019). Effects of information and communication technology and real income on CO2 emissions: The experience of countries along Belt and Road. Telematics and Informatics, 45.
• Danish, Baloch, M. A., & Suad, S. (2018a). Modeling the impact of transport energy consumption on CO2 emission in Pakistan: evidence from ARDL approach. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25(10), 9461-9473.
• Danish, Khan, N., Baloch, M. A., Saud, S., & Fatima, T. (2018b). The effect of ICT on CO2 emissions in emerging economies: does the level of income matters?. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25(23), 22850-22860.
• Güvenek, B., Alptekin, V., & Çetinkaya, M. (2010). Enflasyon ve dolaylı vergilerden elde edilen gelirler arasındaki ilişkinin var yöntemiyle analizi. Kamu-İş Dergisi, 11(3), 1-28.
• Habib, Y., Xia, E., Hashmi, S. H., & Yousaf, A. U. (2022). Testing the heterogeneous effect of air transport intensity on CO2 emissions in G20 countries: An advanced empirical analysis. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 1-22.
• Haini, H. (2021). Examining the impact of ICT, human capital and carbon emissions: Evidence from the ASEAN economies. International Economics, 166, 116-125. Hakim, M. M., & Merkert, R. (2016). The causal relationship between air transport and economic growth: Empirical evidence from South Asia. Journal of Transport Geography, 56, 120-127.
• Haldar, A., & Sethi, N. (2022). Environmental effects of Information and Communication Technology-Exploring the roles of renewable energy, innovation, trade and financial development. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 153, 111754.
• Hassan, S.A. & Nosheen, .M. (2017). The Impact of Air Transportation on Carbon Dioxide, Methane, and Nitrous Oxide Emissions in Pakistan: Evidence from ARDL Modelling Approach. International Journal of Innovation and Economic Development, 3(6), 7-32.
• Higón, D. A., Gholami, R., & Shirazi, F. (2017). ICT and environmental sustainability: A global perspective. Telematics and Informatics, 34(4), 85-95.
• Khanal, A. (2021). The role of ICT and energy consumption on carbon emissions: an Australian evidence using cointegration test and ARDL long-run and short-run methodology. 670216917.
• Lahouel, B. B., Taleb, L., Zaied, Y. B., & Managi, S. (2021). Does ICT change the relationship between total factor productivity and CO2 emissions? Evidence based on a nonlinear model. Energy Economics, 101, 105406.
• Law, C. C., Zhang, Y., Gow, J., & Vu, X. B. (2022). Dynamic relationship between air transport, economic growth and inbound tourism in Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and Vietnam. Journal of Air Transport Management, 98, 102161.
• Magazzino, C., Mele, M., Morelli, G., & Schneider, N. (2021). The nexus between information technology and environmental pollution: Application of a new machine learning algorithm to OECD countries. Utilities Policy, 72, 101256.
• Mansoor, A., & Sultana, B. (2018). Impact of population, GDP and energy consumption on carbon emissions: Evidence from Pakistan using an analytic tool IPAT. Asian Journal of Economics and Empirical Research, 5(2), 183-190.
• Özcan, B., & Apergis, N. (2018). The impact of internet use on air pollution: evidence from emerging countries. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25(5), 4174-4189.
• Özgür, Ö. (2020). Doğrusal ve doğrusal olmayan birim kök testlerinin gecikme uzunluğuna olan duyarlılığı. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Yök Tez veri tabanından erişildi. (Tez no: 667865)
• Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y., & Smith, R. P. (2001). Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3), 289-326.
• Park, Y., Meng, F., & Baloch, M. A. (2018). The effect of ICT, financial development, growth, and trade openness on CO2 emissions: an empirical analysis. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25(30), 30708-30719.
• Raheem, I. D., Tiwari, A. K., & Balsalobre-Lorente, D. (2020). The role of ICT and financial development in CO2 emissions and economic growth. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(2), 1912-1922.
• Rasool, Y., Zaidi, S. A. H., & Zafar, M. W. (2019). Determinants of carbon emissions in Pakistan’s transport sector. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(22), 22907-22921. Salahuddin, M., Alam, K., & Ozturk, I. (2016). The effects of Internet usage and economic growth on CO2 emissions in OECD countries: A panel investigation. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 62, 1226-1235.
• Shafique, M., Azam, A., Rafiq, M., & Luo, X. (2021). Investigating the nexus among transport, economic growth and environmental degradation: Evidence from panel ARDL approach. Transport Policy, 109, 61-71.
• Sohail, M. T., Ullah, S., Majeed, M. T., & Usman, A. (2021). Pakistan management of green transportation and environmental pollution: a nonlinear ARDL analysis. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(23), 29046-29055.
• Statista, Carbon dioxide emissions from commercial aviation worldwide from 2004 to 2022. (2022, Mart). Erişim adresi: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1186820/co2-emissions-commercial-aviation-worldwide/
• TÜBİSAD, Türkiye’nin dijital dönüşüm endeksi raporu, (2022, 7 Ocak). Erişim adresi: https://www.tubisad.org.tr/tr/images/pdf/tubisad-2021-dde-raporu.pdf
• Usman, A., Ozturk, I., Hassan, A., Zafar, S. M., & Ullah, S. (2021b). The effect of ICT on energy consumption and economic growth in South Asian economies: an empirical analysis. Telematics and Informatics, 58, 101537.
• Usman, A., Ozturk, I., Ullah, S., & Hassan, A. (2021a). Does ICT have symmetric or asymmetric effects on CO2 emissions? Evidence from selected Asian economies. Technology in Society, 67, 101692.
• Yang, C. G. (2015). A study on the relevance of ICT trade and GDP. Advanced Science and Technology Letters, 84, 35-39.
• YİĞİT, F., & Canöz, İ. (2021). Determining The Country-Specific Variables Affecting The Market Value of Turkish Eurobonds: NARDL Approach. Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 19(41), 723-744.
• Zhang, C., & Liu, C. (2015). The impact of ICT industry on CO2 emissions: a regional analysis in China. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 44, 12-19.