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Qualitative Adjectives in Education Research Articles: The Case of Lifelong Learning and Adult Education

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 132 - 146, 30.04.2021

Öz

Language is often the determining factor in authors’ success in publishing their papers. Among various language features authors utilize is adjectives. There is a lack of consensus about their use in academic writing. This study investigated qualitative adjective use in research articles in one sub-discipline of educational sciences. The corpus was comprised of 30 journal articles. Online software was used to describe the adjective profile. A scheme was borrowed from the literature to classify adjectives according to their semantic use. Results showed that adjectives accounted for 7.9% of the corpus. A significant number of adjectives belonged to the Academic Words List and the Off-list Words (50.9%). Results also showed that the Abstract included the biggest percentage of adjectives (10.4%), which was followed by the Conclusion and Recommendations (8.9%) and the Introduction and Literature Review (8.8%). Adjectives occurred in Methods and Results less frequently. The most common semantic use of adjectives was related to the sub-domain of descriptors. Evaluative adjectives were also used frequently. The second sub-domain of classifiers included topical (8.3%) and relational adjectives (2.4%). Results are discussed and recommendations are made future studies.

Kaynakça

  • American Psychological Association. (2009). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association.
  • Bailey, S. (2003). Academic writing: A practical guide for students. London and New York: RoutledgeFalmer.
  • Biber, D., & Gray, B. (2016). Grammatical complexity in academic English: Linguistic changes in writing. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Biber, D., Johanson, S., Leech, G., Conrad, S., & Finegan, E. (1999). Longman grammar of spoken and written English. Harlow, Essex: Pearson.
  • Brooks, A. K. (2019). Agential realism in a community-based organization in Mexico: An ethico-onto-epistemology of emancipatory learning. Adult Education Quarterly, 69(1), 42-59.
  • Canale, M., & Swain, M. (1980). Theoretical bases of communicative approaches to second language teaching and testing. Applied Linguistics, 1(1), 1-47.
  • Coady, J. & Huckin, T. (1997). Second language vocabulary acquisition: A rationale for pedagogy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Coxhead, A., & Byrd, P. (2007). Preparing writing teachers to teach the vocabulary and grammar of academic prose. Journal of Second Language Writing, 16(3), 129-147.
  • Deveci, T., & Nunn, R. (2018). Use of relative clauses in humanities and social sciences research articles: A case study. Linguistics and Literature Studies, 6(1), 17-26. doi: 10.13189/lls.2018.060103
  • ERIC (n.d.). Guidance on writing abstracts. Retrieved February 2020, https://eric.ed.gov/?abstract
  • Florez, M. A. (1999). Improving adult English language learners’ speaking skills. National Center for ESL Literacy Education. Retrieved from ERIC database. (ED: 435204)
  • Fox, R., & Fox, J. (2004). Organizational discourse: A language-ideology-power perspective. Westport, CT: Praeger.
  • Hood, S. (2005). Managing attitude in undergraduate academic writing: A focus on the introductions to research reports. In L. J. Ravelli & R. A. Ellis (Eds.). Analysing academic writing: Contextualized frameworks (pp. 24-44). London: Continuum.
  • Kartal, G. (2017). A corpus-based analysis of the most frequent adjectives in academic texts. Teaching English with Technology, 17(3), 3-18.
  • Keeling, J., Chapman, H. M., & Williams, J. (2013). How to write well: A guide for health and social care students. Berkshire, England: Open University Press.
  • Khoo, D. (2005). Adjectives and adverbs in academic writing. Retrieved December 2019, https://www.utsc. utoronto.ca/twc/sites/utsc.utoronto.ca.twc/files/resource-files/xAdjsandAdvs.pdf
  • Labaree, R. V. (2009). Organizing your research paper. Retrieved November 2019, http://libguides.usc.edu/ writingguide/conclusion
  • Laufer, B., & Nation, P. (1995). Vocabulary size and use: Lexical richness in L2 written production. Applied Linguistics, 16(3), 307-322.
  • Mason, C. P. (1858). English grammar: Including the principles of grammatical analysis. London: Walton & Maberly. Miller, A. A., & Blessing, J. D. (2016). The results section. In J. G. Forister & J. D. Blessing (Eds.). Introduction to research and medical literature for health professionals (pp.169-176). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
  • Murray, K. (2014). Adjectives and adverbs. New York: PowerKiDS Press. Nunn, R., Brandt, C., & Deveci, T. (2018). Transparency, subjectivity and objectivity in academic texts. English Scholarship Beyond Borders, 4(1), 71-102.
  • Okulicz-Kozaryn, A. (2013). Cluttered writing: Adjective and adverbs in academia. Scientometrics, 96. 679-681. doi: 10.1007/s11192-012-0937-9
  • Omori, K. (2017). Writing a discussion section. In M. Allen (Ed.). The SAGE Encyclopedia of communication research methods (pp. 1883-1885). Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE.
  • Osmond, A. (2013). Academic writing and grammar for students. Los Angeles: SAGE Ruday, S. (2014). The common core grammar toolkit: Using mentor texts to teach the language standards in grades 6-8. New York and London: Routledge.
  • Pecorari, D., Shaw, P., & Malmström, H. (2019). Developing a new academic vocabulary test. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 39, 59-71.
  • Rosado, N., & Caro, K. G. (2018). The relationship between lexis and reading comprehension: A review. English Language Teaching, 11(11), 136-147.
  • Schleppegrell, M. J. (2005). Technical writing in a second language: The role of grammatical metaphor. In Analysing academic writing: Contextualized frameworks (pp. 172-190). London: Continuum.
  • Starfield, S. (2005). Word power: Negotiating success in a first-year sociology essay. In L. J. Ravelli & R. A. Ellis (Eds.). Analysing academic writing: Contextualized frameworks (pp. 66-83). London: Continuum.
  • Swales, J. (1990). Genre analysis: English in academic and research settings. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Swales, J. M., & Feak, C. B. (2012). Academic writing for graduate students: Essential skills and tasks (3rd Edition). Michigan: Michigan ELT.
  • Sword, H. (2012). Stylish academic writing. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  • The Council of Europe. (2001). Common European framework of reference for languages: Learning, teaching, assessment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Tutin, A. (2010). Evaluative adjectives in academic writing in the humanities and social sciences. In R. L. Sanz, P. M. Duenas & E. L. Millan (Eds.). Constructing interpersonality: Multiple perspectives on written academic genres (pp. 219-242). Newcastle upon Tyne, UK: Cambridge Scholars. Tyrkkö, J. (2014). “Strong churlish purging pills”: Multi-adjectival premodification in early modern medical writing in English. In I. Taavitsainen, A. H. Juker, & J. Tuominen (Eds.). Diachronic corpus pragmatics (pp. 157-188). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
  • Wallwork, A. (2016). English for academic research: Grammar, usage and style. New York, NY: Springer.
  • Wang, J, Liang, S. I., & Ge, G. C. (2008). Establishment of a medical academic word list. English for Specific Purposes, 27, 442-458.
  • Williams, J. (2013). Academic encounters. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Vo, S. (2019). Use of lexical features in non-native academic writing. Journal of Second Language Writing, 44, 1-12.
  • Zinsser, W. (2006). On writing well: The classic guide to writing nonfiction. New York: Harper Paperbacks.
Yıl 2021, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 132 - 146, 30.04.2021

Öz

Kaynakça

  • American Psychological Association. (2009). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association.
  • Bailey, S. (2003). Academic writing: A practical guide for students. London and New York: RoutledgeFalmer.
  • Biber, D., & Gray, B. (2016). Grammatical complexity in academic English: Linguistic changes in writing. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Biber, D., Johanson, S., Leech, G., Conrad, S., & Finegan, E. (1999). Longman grammar of spoken and written English. Harlow, Essex: Pearson.
  • Brooks, A. K. (2019). Agential realism in a community-based organization in Mexico: An ethico-onto-epistemology of emancipatory learning. Adult Education Quarterly, 69(1), 42-59.
  • Canale, M., & Swain, M. (1980). Theoretical bases of communicative approaches to second language teaching and testing. Applied Linguistics, 1(1), 1-47.
  • Coady, J. & Huckin, T. (1997). Second language vocabulary acquisition: A rationale for pedagogy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Coxhead, A., & Byrd, P. (2007). Preparing writing teachers to teach the vocabulary and grammar of academic prose. Journal of Second Language Writing, 16(3), 129-147.
  • Deveci, T., & Nunn, R. (2018). Use of relative clauses in humanities and social sciences research articles: A case study. Linguistics and Literature Studies, 6(1), 17-26. doi: 10.13189/lls.2018.060103
  • ERIC (n.d.). Guidance on writing abstracts. Retrieved February 2020, https://eric.ed.gov/?abstract
  • Florez, M. A. (1999). Improving adult English language learners’ speaking skills. National Center for ESL Literacy Education. Retrieved from ERIC database. (ED: 435204)
  • Fox, R., & Fox, J. (2004). Organizational discourse: A language-ideology-power perspective. Westport, CT: Praeger.
  • Hood, S. (2005). Managing attitude in undergraduate academic writing: A focus on the introductions to research reports. In L. J. Ravelli & R. A. Ellis (Eds.). Analysing academic writing: Contextualized frameworks (pp. 24-44). London: Continuum.
  • Kartal, G. (2017). A corpus-based analysis of the most frequent adjectives in academic texts. Teaching English with Technology, 17(3), 3-18.
  • Keeling, J., Chapman, H. M., & Williams, J. (2013). How to write well: A guide for health and social care students. Berkshire, England: Open University Press.
  • Khoo, D. (2005). Adjectives and adverbs in academic writing. Retrieved December 2019, https://www.utsc. utoronto.ca/twc/sites/utsc.utoronto.ca.twc/files/resource-files/xAdjsandAdvs.pdf
  • Labaree, R. V. (2009). Organizing your research paper. Retrieved November 2019, http://libguides.usc.edu/ writingguide/conclusion
  • Laufer, B., & Nation, P. (1995). Vocabulary size and use: Lexical richness in L2 written production. Applied Linguistics, 16(3), 307-322.
  • Mason, C. P. (1858). English grammar: Including the principles of grammatical analysis. London: Walton & Maberly. Miller, A. A., & Blessing, J. D. (2016). The results section. In J. G. Forister & J. D. Blessing (Eds.). Introduction to research and medical literature for health professionals (pp.169-176). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
  • Murray, K. (2014). Adjectives and adverbs. New York: PowerKiDS Press. Nunn, R., Brandt, C., & Deveci, T. (2018). Transparency, subjectivity and objectivity in academic texts. English Scholarship Beyond Borders, 4(1), 71-102.
  • Okulicz-Kozaryn, A. (2013). Cluttered writing: Adjective and adverbs in academia. Scientometrics, 96. 679-681. doi: 10.1007/s11192-012-0937-9
  • Omori, K. (2017). Writing a discussion section. In M. Allen (Ed.). The SAGE Encyclopedia of communication research methods (pp. 1883-1885). Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE.
  • Osmond, A. (2013). Academic writing and grammar for students. Los Angeles: SAGE Ruday, S. (2014). The common core grammar toolkit: Using mentor texts to teach the language standards in grades 6-8. New York and London: Routledge.
  • Pecorari, D., Shaw, P., & Malmström, H. (2019). Developing a new academic vocabulary test. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 39, 59-71.
  • Rosado, N., & Caro, K. G. (2018). The relationship between lexis and reading comprehension: A review. English Language Teaching, 11(11), 136-147.
  • Schleppegrell, M. J. (2005). Technical writing in a second language: The role of grammatical metaphor. In Analysing academic writing: Contextualized frameworks (pp. 172-190). London: Continuum.
  • Starfield, S. (2005). Word power: Negotiating success in a first-year sociology essay. In L. J. Ravelli & R. A. Ellis (Eds.). Analysing academic writing: Contextualized frameworks (pp. 66-83). London: Continuum.
  • Swales, J. (1990). Genre analysis: English in academic and research settings. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Swales, J. M., & Feak, C. B. (2012). Academic writing for graduate students: Essential skills and tasks (3rd Edition). Michigan: Michigan ELT.
  • Sword, H. (2012). Stylish academic writing. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  • The Council of Europe. (2001). Common European framework of reference for languages: Learning, teaching, assessment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Tutin, A. (2010). Evaluative adjectives in academic writing in the humanities and social sciences. In R. L. Sanz, P. M. Duenas & E. L. Millan (Eds.). Constructing interpersonality: Multiple perspectives on written academic genres (pp. 219-242). Newcastle upon Tyne, UK: Cambridge Scholars. Tyrkkö, J. (2014). “Strong churlish purging pills”: Multi-adjectival premodification in early modern medical writing in English. In I. Taavitsainen, A. H. Juker, & J. Tuominen (Eds.). Diachronic corpus pragmatics (pp. 157-188). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
  • Wallwork, A. (2016). English for academic research: Grammar, usage and style. New York, NY: Springer.
  • Wang, J, Liang, S. I., & Ge, G. C. (2008). Establishment of a medical academic word list. English for Specific Purposes, 27, 442-458.
  • Williams, J. (2013). Academic encounters. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Vo, S. (2019). Use of lexical features in non-native academic writing. Journal of Second Language Writing, 44, 1-12.
  • Zinsser, W. (2006). On writing well: The classic guide to writing nonfiction. New York: Harper Paperbacks.
Toplam 37 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Eğitim Üzerine Çalışmalar
Bölüm Makale
Yazarlar

Tanju Deveci Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-5905-9793

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Nisan 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 21 Eylül 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Deveci, T. (2021). Qualitative Adjectives in Education Research Articles: The Case of Lifelong Learning and Adult Education. Eğitim Kuram Ve Uygulama Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(1), 132-146.