Post-Pandemic Perspectives: Primary School Children's Views of School Through the Lens of Attachment Theory
Yıl 2025,
Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2, 216 - 228, 31.08.2025
Asiye Toker Gökçe
Öz
This study investigates the changes in primary school students’ perceptions of their school, teachers, and school administrators during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study employs metaphors as a methodological tool to investigate alterations in primary school children's perceptions, framed through the lens of attachment theory. The research centers on two primary questions: first, it explores how primary school students metaphorically perceive the school; second, it examines how they metaphorically perceive school members, including principals, vice principals, and teachers. The participants included 137 fourth-grade students who were studied during the 2020-2021 education year. The research was qualitative in design. Data were collected using structured questionnaires. The data were analysed and interpreted within an attachment theory framework using qualitative methods. Analysis revealed that some students' perceptions had changed, while others had remained the same. The findings suggested that primary school students’ perceptions and understanding of school leadership may have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Nevertheless, the results showed that the underlying relationships between pupils and teachers were resilient to the disturbances caused by the pandemic.
Etik Beyan
All the rules specified in the "Higher Education Institutions Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Directive" were followed throughout the entire process from planning to implementation, from data collection to data analysis of this research.
Destekleyen Kurum
No support was received from any institution.
Teşekkür
I do not have any statement of support or gratitude for the process of conducting the research.
Kaynakça
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Ainsworth, M. S. (1989). Attachments beyond infancy. American Psychologist, 44(4), 709-716. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066x.44.4.709
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Bowlby, J. (1977). The making and breaking of affectional bonds. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 130(3), 201-210. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.130.3.201
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Bülow, P. (2023). The neuroscience of attachment styles. Journal of Science Humanities and Arts - Josha, 10(3). https://doi.org/10.17160/josha.10.3.883
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de Castro, R. M., & Pereira, D. I. F. (2019). Education and attachment: Guidelines to prevent school failure. Multimodal Technologies and Interaction, 3(1), 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/mti3010010
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Choi, M. H., & Min, H. H. (2019). Determining the relationship among organizational commitment, occupational stress, and interpersonal relations according to adult attachment styles of clinical dental hygienists. Journal of dental hygiene science, 19(2), 122-132. https://doi.org/10.17135/jdhs.2019.19.2.122
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Di Norcia, A., Cannoni, E., & Bombi, A.S. (2022). Student-teacher relationship representation and school adjustment in primary school. Ricerche Di Psicologia,45,1-12. https://doi.org/10.3280/rip2022oa13311
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Engzell, P., Frey, A., & Verhagen, M. D. (2021). Learning loss due to school closures during the COVID-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(17), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2022376118
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Ergün, M. ve Arık, B. M. (2020). Education monitoring report 2020: Students and access to education. Education Reform Initiative. https://www.egitimreformugirisimi.org/egitim-izleme-raporu-2020-ogrenciler-ve-egitime-erisim/
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Ertan-Kantos, Z. & Gokce, A. T. (2022). Metaphorical perceptions of primary school students about school context. The Journal of International Civilization Studies, 7(1), 59-81. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/inciss/issue/71269/1032618
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Garmy, P., Rahr, C., Persson, L., & Einberg, E. (2022). School nurses’ perspectives on health among school-aged children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Journal of School Nursing, 39(2), 150-155. https://doi.org/10.1177/10598405221126345
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Post-Pandemic Perspectives: Primary School Children's Views of School Through the Lens of Attachment Theory
Yıl 2025,
Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2, 216 - 228, 31.08.2025
Asiye Toker Gökçe
Öz
This study investigates the changes in primary school students’ perceptions of their school, teachers, and school administrators during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study employs metaphors as a methodological tool to investigate alterations in primary school children's perceptions, framed through the lens of attachment theory. The research centers on two primary questions: first, it explores how primary school students metaphorically perceive the school; second, it examines how they metaphorically perceive school members, including principals, vice principals, and teachers. The participants included 137 fourth-grade students who were studied during the 2020-2021 education year. The research was qualitative in design. Data were collected using structured questionnaires. The data were analysed and interpreted within an attachment theory framework using qualitative methods. Analysis revealed that some students' perceptions had changed, while others had remained the same. The findings suggested that primary school students’ perceptions and understanding of school leadership may have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Nevertheless, the results showed that the underlying relationships between pupils and teachers were resilient to the disturbances caused by the pandemic.
Kaynakça
-
Ainsworth, M. S. (1989). Attachments beyond infancy. American Psychologist, 44(4), 709-716. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066x.44.4.709
-
Ainsworth, M. S., & Bowlby, J. (1991). An ethological approach to personality development. American psychologist, 46(4), 333.
-
Ainsworth, M. D. S., Blehar, M. C., Waters, E., & Wall, S. N. (2015). Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation. Psychology press. https://mindsplain.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Ainsworth-Patterns-of-Attachment.pdf
-
Atalay, F. (2021, January 1). Students and access to education report: The gap is widening. Cumhuriyet, https://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/haber/ogrenciler-ve-egitime-erisim-raporu-ucurum-derinlesiyor-1803965
-
Bergin, C., & Bergin, D. (2009). Attachment in the classroom. Educational Psychology Review, 21, 141-170. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-009-9104-0
-
Berlin, L. (2021). The value added of attachment theory, research, and intervention for us child care and early childhood education: reflecting and carrying forward the legacy of Edward Zigler. Development and Psychopathology, 33(2), 545-553. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954579420001571
-
Bowlby, J. (1977). The making and breaking of affectional bonds. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 130(3), 201-210. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.130.3.201
-
Bowlby, J. (1988). A Secure Base: Parent-Child Attachment and Healthy Human Development. Basic Books. https://www.increaseproject.eu/images/DOWNLOADS/IO2/DE/CURR_M4-A13_Bowlby_(EN-only)_20170920_DE_final.pdf
-
Bowlby, J. (1998). Attachment and Loss: Vol. 2. Separation: Anxiety and Anger. Basic Books. https://books.google.com.tr/books?hl=en&lr=&id=CoKpgqpF78QC&oi=fnd&pg=PA11&dq=Attachment+and+Loss:+Vol.+2.+Separation:+Anxiety+and+Anger&ots=q1CSeKVg61&sig=PHut-MuWLRV0Dk61sB61TYVqz30&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Attachment%20and%20Loss%3A%20Vol.%202.%20Separation%3A%20Anxiety%20and%20Anger&f=false
-
Brunzell, T., Stokes, H., & Waters, L. (2016). Trauma-informed positive education: Using positive psychology to strengthen vulnerable students. Contemporary School Psychology, 20, 63-83. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40688-015-0070-x
-
Bülow, P. (2023). The neuroscience of attachment styles. Journal of Science Humanities and Arts - Josha, 10(3). https://doi.org/10.17160/josha.10.3.883
-
Cassell, C., & Bishop, V. (2019). Qualitative data analysis: Exploring themes, metaphors and stories. European Management Review, 16(1), 195-207. https://doi.org/10.1111/emre.12176
-
de Castro, R. M., & Pereira, D. I. F. (2019). Education and attachment: Guidelines to prevent school failure. Multimodal Technologies and Interaction, 3(1), 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/mti3010010
-
Choi, M. H., & Min, H. H. (2019). Determining the relationship among organizational commitment, occupational stress, and interpersonal relations according to adult attachment styles of clinical dental hygienists. Journal of dental hygiene science, 19(2), 122-132. https://doi.org/10.17135/jdhs.2019.19.2.122
-
Darban, F., Safarzai, E., Koohsari, E., & Kordi, M. (2020). Does attachment style predict quality of life in youth? A cross-sectional study in Iran. Health Psychology Research, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.4081/hpr.2020.8796
-
Deignan, A., Semino, E., & Paul, S. A. (2019). Metaphors of climate science in three genres: Research articles, educational texts, and secondary school student talk. Applied Linguistics, 40(2), 379-403. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amx035
-
Di Norcia, A., Cannoni, E., & Bombi, A.S. (2022). Student-teacher relationship representation and school adjustment in primary school. Ricerche Di Psicologia,45,1-12. https://doi.org/10.3280/rip2022oa13311
-
Engzell, P., Frey, A., & Verhagen, M. D. (2021). Learning loss due to school closures during the COVID-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(17), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2022376118
-
Ergün, M. ve Arık, B. M. (2020). Education monitoring report 2020: Students and access to education. Education Reform Initiative. https://www.egitimreformugirisimi.org/egitim-izleme-raporu-2020-ogrenciler-ve-egitime-erisim/
-
ERG (2021). Education monitoring report 2021: Students and access to education. Education Reform Initiative. https://www.egitimreformugirisimi.org/egitim-izleme-raporu-2021-ogrenciler-ve-egitime-erisim/
-
Ertan-Kantos, Z. & Gokce, A. T. (2022). Metaphorical perceptions of primary school students about school context. The Journal of International Civilization Studies, 7(1), 59-81. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/inciss/issue/71269/1032618
-
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