İzole bölgelerde korunan Kafkas arısı, Apis mellifera caucasica Pollmann, 1889 (Hymenoptera: Apidae) popülasyonunda genetik varyasyonun azalıp azalmadığına dair bir çalışma

Öz

Kafkas arısı, Apis mellifera caucasica Pollmann, 1889 (Hymenoptera: Apidae), en verimli arı alt türlerinden biridir. Türkiye için özel bir öneme sahip olan bu alt tür, 2000 yılından itibaren iki izole bölgede (Artvin ve Ardahan) koruma altına alınmıştır. Bugüne kadar korunan Kafkas bal arısı kolonilerinde genetik çeşitliliğin azalıp azalmadığına dair bir çalışmaya rastlanmamıştır. Bu nedenle 2022 yılında, bu iki izole bölgede 15 farklı lokasyonda bulunan 100 farklı koloniden işçi arılar toplanmış ve 30 mikrosatelit lokusu kullanılarak genetik varyasyonlar incelenmiştir. Lokus başına ortalama allel sayısı 13.57 bulunmuştur ve PIC (0.7) değerine göre lokuslar yüksek düzeyde bilgi içeriğine sahiptir. FIS (0.96) ve FST (0.01) değerleri popülasyonlarda düşük genetik çeşitlilik ve yüksek akrabalı yetiştirme olduğunu göstermiştir. Genetik varyasyonlar, popülasyonlar arasında %0.77, popülasyonlardaki bireyler arasında %99.23 ve tüm bireyler arasında %0 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Ayrıca, popülasyonlar Hardy-Weinberg dengesinden sapmıştır (P<0.001). İki fazlı mutasyon modeli kullanılarak yapılan analiz sonuçlarında Artvin için önemli bir darboğaz kanıtı bulunmuştur. Bu sonuçlar, Kafkas arısı ıslah stratejileri ve koruma programları için kılavuz olarak kullanılabilecek önemli bilgiler sağlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Apis mellifera
• kafkas arısı
• genetik varyasyon
• mikrosatelit
• popülasyon yapısı

A study of whether the genetic variation decreased or not in the protected Caucasian bee, Apis mellifera caucasica Pollmann, 1889 (Hymenoptera: Apidae) population in isolated regions

Abstract

The Caucasian honeybee, Apis mellifera caucasica Pollmann, 1889 (Hymenoptera: Apidae), is one of the most productive bee subspecies. This subspecies, which has special importance for Türkiye, has been taken under protection in two isolated regions (Artvin and Ardahan) since 2000. To date, no study has been conducted on whether genetic diversity has decreased in these protected Caucasian honeybee colonies. Therefore in 2022, worker bees were collected from 100 different colonies in 15 different locations in these two regions and their genetic variations were examined using 30 microsatellite loci. The average number of alleles per locus was 13.57, and the loci had a high level of information content according to the PIC (0.7) value. FIS (0.96) and FST (0.01) values showed low genetic diversity and high inbreeding in populations. Genetic variations were calculated as 0.77% among populations, 99.23% among individuals in populations, and 0% among all individuals. Also, populations deviated from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p<0.001). Significant bottleneck evidence was found for Artvin in the analysis results using the two-phase mutation model. These results provide important information that can be used as a guide for Caucasian bee breeding strategies and conservation programs.

Keywords

• Apis mellifera
• Caucasian bee
• genetic variation
• microsatellite
• population structure

Kaynakça

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