Türkiye muz alanlarında nematod zararı ve mücadelesi

Öz

Muz, dünyanın tropikal ve subtropikal bölgelerinde yetişir ve ayrıca Türkiye’nin Akdeniz Bölgesi'nin sahil şeridinde yetiştirilir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'nin Mersin İli, Anamur ve Erdemli ilçelerinde bulunan bitki paraziti nematodlarının neden olduğu kayıpların belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma seralarında Spiral nematodu, Helicotylenchus multicinctus Cobb, 1893 (Tylenchida: Hoplolaimidae); kök ur nematodları, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White, 1919) ve Meloidogyne javanica (Treub, 1885) (Tylenchida: Meloidogynidae) tespit edilmiştir. Bu nematodlara karşı üç nematisid, Oxamyl, Fenamiphos ve Ethoprophos iki veya dört uygulama olarak kullanılmıştır. Denemeler her biri nematisid uygulanmış ve uygulama yapılmamış parsellere sahip dört serada üç tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Bu çalışmada, her uygulama için verim 15 bitki (5 bitki / tekerrür) üzerinden hesaplanmıştır. Nematodlar, Geliştirilmiş Baermann Huni yöntemiyle toprak ve kök örneklerinden izole edilmiş ve nematodların sayımı mikroskop altında yapılmıştır. Muz alanlarında nematod mücadelesi ile verim 28.6 ile 53.1 kg /bitki ve verim artışı % 34 ile 117 arasında değişmiştir. Sonuçlar muz alanlarında bu nematodlara karşı tek bir mücadele yönteminin kullanılmasının etkili olmayacağını ve entegre mücadele yöntemleri içerisinde ilave mücadele yöntemlerini kullanımı ile kontrol edilebileceğini önerilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Muz,entegre mücadele,nematisidler,nematodlar

Nematode damage and management in banana in Turkey

Öz

Banana is grown in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, and they are also cultivated in the coastal regions of the Mediterranean Region in Turkey. The present study aimed to determine the losses induced by the plant-parasitic nematodes in Anamur and Erdemli districts of Mersin Province, Turkey. Spiral nematode, Helicotylenchus multicinctus Cobb, 1893 (Tylenchida: Hoplolaimidae); root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White, 1919) and Meloidogyne javanica (Treub, 1885) (Tylenchida: Meloidogynidae) were detected in the study greenhouses. Three nematicides, oxamyl, fenamiphos and ethoprophos, were used with two or four application against these nematodes. The experiments were conducted in three replicates in four greenhouses each with nematicide --treated and untreated plots. In the study, yield for each treatment was calculated for 15 plants (5 plants/replicate). Nematodes were isolated from soil and root samples with a modified Baermann funnel method and nematode counting was performed under a microscope. In banana plantations with nematode management, the yield was between 28.6 and 53.1 kg/plant and the yield increase ranged between 34 and 117%. The results suggested that use of a single control method would not be effective against these nematodes and additional control methods in integrated management should be used to control nematodes in banana plantations.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Banana,integrated management,nematicides,nematodes

Kaynakça

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