Lepidopter zararlılara karşı kullanılan bazı insektisitlerin sera koşullarında Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter, 1895) (Hemiptera: Miridae)’e yan etkileri

Öz

Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter, 1895) (Hemiptera: Miridae), başta Domates güvesi olmak üzere domates zararlılarına karşı en yaygın kullanılan biyolojik mücadele etmenidir. Bu çalışmada, 2018 yılı yaz ve sonbahar dönemlerinde Malatya İli sera koşullarında spinetoram, chlorantraniliprole + abamectin, chlorantraniliprole + thiamethoxam, emamectin benzoate ve dimethoate etken maddeli 5 farklı pestisitin N. tenuis’e yan etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. İnsektisit uygulamaları yapıldıktan sonra 1, 4, 7, 14, 21 ve 28. günlerde N. tenuis sayımları yapılmıştır. İnsektisitlerin yan etkileri IOBC toksisite kategorisine göre sınıflandırılmıştır. İki sezonun ortalaması dikkate alındığında, spinetoram, sırasıyla yaz ve sonbahar denemelerinde %24 ve 52 ölüme neden olmuş ve aynı zamanda N. tenuis ile de uyumlu olduğu saptanmıştır. Böylece IPM programlarında önerilebilir. Chlorantraniliprole + abamectin yaz denemesinde %45 ölüm oranı ile zararsız veya az zararlı sınıfında yer alırken, sonbahar denemesinde ise %79 ölüme neden olmuş ve zararlı olarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Serin şartlarda görülen bu etki IPM programları hazırlanırken dikkate alınmalıdır. Chlorantraniliprole + thiamethoxam yaz ve sonbahar denemelerinde, özellikle sonbahar denemesinde son sayım gününe kadar artmaya devam eden %62 ve 63 ölüme neden olmuşken, emamectin benzoate ise %86 ve 87 oranında yüksek ölüme neden olmuştur. Bu yüzden, bu iki insektisitin de N. tenuis ile uyumlu olmadığı düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Biyolojik mücadele
• aşılama salımı
• insektisitler
• örtüaltı yetiştiriciliği
• yan etki
• domates

Non-target effects of insecticides commonly used against lepidopteran pests on the predator, Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter, 1895) (Hemiptera: Miridae), under greenhouse conditions

Abstract

Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter, 1895) (Hemiptera: Miridae) is the most widely used biological control agent of tomato pests, particularly tomato leafminer. Five treatments, spinetoram, chlorantraniliprole + abamectin, chlorantraniliprole + thiamethoxam, emamectin benzoate and dimethoate were tested on N. tenuis under greenhouse conditions in summer and autumn of 2018 in Malatya Province, Turkey. After insecticide application, N. tenuis were counted on days 1, 4, 7, 14, 21 and 28. The non-target effects of insecticides are classified according to IOBC toxicity categories. Spinetoram caused 24 and 52% mortality in summer and autumn experiments, respectively and is compatible with N. tenuis considering mortality in both seasons. Therefore, it is recommended for IPM. Chlorantraniliprole + abamectin was classified as slightly harmful in the summer experiment as it resulted in 45% mortality, however, in autumn conditions, it was resulted in 79% mortality and classified as harmful. This effect seen under cooler conditions should be consider in planning IPM. Chlorantraniliprole + thiamethoxam caused 62 and 63% mortality which was increasing up to the final day of autumn assessment, whereas emamectin benzoate caused high mortality of 86 and 87% in summer and autumn, respectively. Thus, it is concluded that these latter two insecticides are not compatible with N. tenuis.

Keywords

• Biological control
• inoculative releasing
• insecticides
• protected cultivation
• side effects
• tomato

Kaynakça

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