Üzümdeki bazı insektisit kalıntılarının yıkama işlemleriyle azaltılması

Öz

İnsektisit kullanımı tarımda zararlı kontrolü için en yaygın metottur. Bu çalışmada yıkama işlemlerinin üzümler üzerindeki insektisit kalıntılarının (chlorpyrifos-methyl ve lambda-cyhalothrin) azaltılmasına etkisi araştırılmıştır. Deneme Türkiye’de Manisa İli-Sarıgöl ilçesinde 2020 yılında Sultana çekirdeksiz üzüm bağında kurulmuştur. Metot doğrulama, geri kazanım, ölçüm limiti, tekrarlanabilirlik ve kesinlik ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. İnsektisit içermeyen üzüm numuneleri her pestisit için 0.5, 1 ve 5 kat MRL seviyelerinde sabitlenmiştir. Chlorpyrifos-methyl ve lambda-cyhalothrin geri alımları, sırasıyla %102 ve %101 olarak bulunmuştur. Tüm QuEChERS yönteminin geri kazanımı %101 olarak bulunmuştur. Bu rakamlar SANTE geri kazanım limitleri (%60-140) arasındadır. İnsektisitlerin tespit limitleri, MRL'nin altında bulunmuştur. Bağda üzümlere dört defa insektisit uygulanmıştır. Son insektisit uygulamasının 0., 2., 4. ve 7. günlerinde üzümler hasat edilmiş ve çeşme suyu, sitrik ve asetik asit ve ultrasonik yıkama işlemlerine tabi tutulmuştur. Yıkama işlemi kalıntıları azaltmış ve artan yıkama süresiyle kalıntının azalma oranları artmıştır. İlerleyen hasat zamanları ile kalıntının giderilmesi azalmıştır. Sitrik ve asetik asit yıkama ve ultrasonik yıkama, musluk suyu ile yıkamadan daha etkili bulunmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Chlorpyrifos-methyl
• üzüm yıkama işlemi
• lambda-cyhalothrin
• Manisa
• pestisit kalıntı azaltılması

Reduction of some insecticide residues from grapes with washing treatments

Öz

Insecticide application is the most common method of insect control in agriculture. Efficiency of washing treatments in reduction of insecticide (chlorpyrifos-methyl and lambda-cyhalothrin) residues from grapes were investigated in this study. The trial was established in a Sultana seedless vineyard in Sarıgöl District, Manisa Province, Turkey in 2020. Method verification was performed with the recovery, limit of quantification and precision. Pesticide-free grapes were spiked with 0.5, 1 and 5 times of MRL for pesticides. The recovery of chlorpyrifos-methyl and lambda-cyhalothrin were 102 and 101% respectively. QuEChERS method yielded an overall-recovery of 101%. These figures were within the SANTE recovery limits (60-140%) and the detection limits of the insecticides were below the MRLs. Grapes in a vineyard were sprayed with insecticides four times and harvested 0, 2, 4 and 7 d after the last spray. Washing (tap water, citric and acetic acid) and ultrasonic cleaning treatments were applied to harvested grapes. Washing treatments decreased residue levels and reductions increased with prolonged washing durations. Reductions also decreased with prolonged harvest durations from the last spray. The citric and acetic acid washing, and ultrasonic-cleaning methods provided more efficient reduction than washing with tap water.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Chlorpyrifos-methyl
• grape washing process
• lambda-cyhalothrin
• Manisa
• pesticide residue reduction

Kaynakça

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