Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Kış sezonunda Bursa ili (Türkiye) satış noktalarından toplanan farklı taze tüketim ürünlerindeki insektisit kalıntılarının akut ve kronik risk değerlendirmesi

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 47 Sayı: 4 - Yıl: 2023 Cilt: 47 Sayı: 4, 477 - 493, 01.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.1300454

Öz

Bu çalışma, 2023 yılı kış sezonunda Bursa ili (Türkiye) yerel satış noktalarından toplanan farklı taze tüketim ürünleri üzerindeki pestisit kalıntıları ve bunların tüketiciler üzerine olan akut ve kronik maruziyet risklerine ait bulguları rapor etmektedir. Bu amaçla toplanan örneklerin LC-MS/MS kullanılarak kalıntı düzeyleri tespit edilmiştir. Bulgulara göre, toplanan bazı marul, maydanoz, dereotu, havuç, armut, mandalina ve muz örneklerinde tespit edilen en yüksek insektisit ve akarisit kalıntıları maksimum kalıntı limitlerini (MRL) aşmıştır. Akut ve kronik maruziyetler, pestisitlerin ortalama ve en yüksek kalıntı konsantrasyonları kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. En yüksek akut tehlike, akut referans doz aşımı (ARfD) olarak hesaplanmıştır ve bu değer indoxacarb için elmada %104.27, lambda-cyhalothrin için armut ve mandalinada sırasıyla %107.06 ve %137.11 ve phosmet için armutta %158.2 olarak bulunmuştur. Tüm ürünlerde her bir pestisit kalıntısı için kronik tehlike gözlenmemiştir. Kümülatif uzun süreli maruz kalma değerlendirildiğinde, yetişkinler için hiçbir insektisitin risk oluşturmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Bulgular, 2023 yılında Bursa pazarlarından toplanan marul, maydanoz, dereotu, havuç, elma, armut, mandalina, portakal ve muz örneklerinde insektisit kalıntılarının görülmesinin büyük bir halk sağlığı riski olarak değerlendirilemeyeceğini göstermektedir.

Proje Numarası

Grant number FYL-2023-1512

Kaynakça

  • Al-Nasir, F. M., A. G. Jiries, G. J. Al-Rabadi, M. H. Alu'datt, C. C. Tranchant, S. A. Al-Dalain, N. Alrabadi, O.Y. Madanat & R. S. Al-Dmour, 2020. Determination of pesticide residues in selected citrus fruits and vegetables cultivated in the Jordan Valley. LWT, 123: 109005.
  • Al-Shamary, N. M., M. A. Al-Ghouti, I. Al-Shaikh, S. H. Al-Meer & T. A. Ahmad, 2016. Evaluation of pesticide residues of organochlorine in vegetables and fruits in Qatar: statistical analysis. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 188 (3): 1-14.
  • Algharibeh, G. R. & M. S. Al Fararjeh, 2019. Pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables in Jordan using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part B, 12 (1): 65-73.
  • Ambrus, Á., V. V. N. Doan, J. Szenczi-Cseh, H. Szemánné-Dobrik & A. Vásárhelyi 2023. Quality control of pesticide residue measurements and evaluation of their results. Molecules, 28 (3): 954.
  • Baldi, I., L. Filleul, B. Mohammed-Brahim, C. Fabrigoule, J. F. Dartigues, S. Schwall, J. P. Drevet, R. Salamon & P. Brochard, 2001. Neuropsychologic effects of long-term exposure to pesticides: results from the French Phytoner study. Environmental Health Perspectives, 109 (8): 839-844.
  • Balkan, T. & K. Kara, 2022. Determination of pesticide residues and risk assessment in some vegetables grown in Tokat province. Plant Protection Bulletin, 62 (2): 26-35.
  • Balkan, T. & Ö. Yılmaz, 2022. Method validation, residue and risk assessment of 260 pesticides in some leafy vegetables using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chemistry, 384: 132516.
  • Balkan, T. & Ö. Yılmaz, 2022. Investigation of insecticide residues in potato grown in Türkiye by LC-MS/MS and GC-MS and health risk assessment. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 46 (4): 481-500.
  • Berrada, H., M. Fernández, M. J. Ruiz, J. C. Moltó, J. Mañes & G. Font, 2010. Surveillance of pesticide residues in fruits from Valencia during twenty months (2004/05). Food Control, 21 (1): 36-44.
  • Bhanti, M. & A. Taneja, 2007. Contamination of vegetables of different seasons with organophosphorous pesticides and related health risk assessment in northern India. Chemosphere, 69 (1): 63-68.
  • BKU, 2023. Plant Protection Products Database. Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Agriculture and Forest, General Directorate of Food and Control, Department of Plant Protection Products. (Web page: https://bku.tarim.gov.tr) (Date accessed: November 2023) (in Turkish).
  • Blasco, C., G. Font & Y. Picó, 2006. Evaluation of 10 pesticide residues in oranges and tangerines from Valencia (Spain). Food Control, 17 (11): 841-846.
  • Brancato, A., D. Brocca, L. Ferreira, L. Greco, S. Jarrah, R. Leuschner, P. Medina, I. Miron, A. Nougadere, R. Pedersen, H. Reich, M. Santos, A. Stanek, J. Tarazona, A. Theobald & L. Villamar-Bouza, 2018. Guidance on use of EFSA Pesticide Residue Intake Model (EFSA PRIMo revision 3). EFSA Journal, 16 (1): 5147-5160.
  • CAC, 2003. Representative commodities/samples for validation of analytical procedures for pesticide residues. In codex alimentarius commission guidelines on good laboratory practice in pesticide residue analysis. CAC/GL 40-1993. (Web page: http://www.fao.org/input/download/standards/378/cxg_040e.pdf) (Date accessed: January 2023)
  • Calvert, G. M., W. T. Sanderson, M. Barnett, J. M. Blondell & L. N. Mehler, 2001. “Surveillance of Pesticide-related Illness and Injury in Humans, 603-641”. In: Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology (Eds. R. Krieger, J. Doull, D. Ecobichon, E. Hodgson, L. Reiter & J. Ross), Academic Press New York, 2342 pp.
  • Cámara, M. A., S. Cermeño, G. Martínez & J. Oliva, 2020. Removal residues of pesticides in apricot, peach and orange processed and dietary exposure assessment. Food Chemistry, 325 (30): 126936.
  • Catak, H. & O. Tiryaki, 2020. Insecticide residue analyses in cucumbers sampled from Çanakkale open markets. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 44 (4): 449-460.
  • Chen, C., Y. Qian, Q. Chen, C. Tao, C. Li & Y. Li, 2011. Evaluation of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables from Xiamen, China. Food Control, 22 (7): 1114-1120.
  • Darko, G. & O. Akoto, 2008. Dietary intake of organophosphorus pesticide residues through vegetables from Kumasi, Ghana. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 46 (12): 3703-3706.
  • Dulger, H. & O. Tiryaki, 2021. Investigation of pesticide residues in peach and nectarine sampled from Çanakkale, Turkey, and consumer dietary risk assessment. Environmental Monitoring & Assessment, 193 (9): 561.
  • El Hawari, K., S. Mokh, M. Al Iskandarani, W. Halloum & F. Jaber, 2019. Pesticide residues in Lebanese apples and health risk assessment. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part B, 12 (2): 81-89.
  • El-Saeid, M. H. & M. T. Selim, 2013. Multiresidue analysis of 86 pesticides using gas chromatography mass spectrometry: II-nonleafy vegetables. Journal of Chemistry, 25 (2): 727149.
  • Ersoy, N., Ö. Tatlı, S. Özcan, E. Evcil, L. Ş. Coşkun & E. Erdoğan, 2011. Bazı tropikal ve suptropikal meyve türlerinde pestisit kalıntıları. Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences, 25 (2): 81-88.
  • Esturk, O., Y. Yakar & Z. Ayhan, 2014. Pesticide residue analysis in parsley, lettuce and spinach by LC-MS/MS. Journal of Food Science & Technology, 51 (3): 458-466.
  • EU Pesticide Database, 2023. Pesticide Residues MRLs. Directorate General for Health & Consumers. (Web page: https://food.ec.europa.eu/plants/pesticides/eu-pesticides-database_en) (Date accessed: January, 2023)
  • FAO, 2021. FAOSTAT, Crop Data Base. Food and Agriculture Organization United Nations. (Web page: http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC/visualize) (Date accessed: January, 2023).
  • Ferretti, G., T. Bacchetti, A. Belleggia & D. Neri, 2010. Cherry antioxidants: from farm to table. Molecules, 15 (10): 6993-7005.
  • Gebara, A. B., C. H. P. Ciscato, S. H. Monteiro & G. S. Souza, 2011. Pesticide residues in some commodities: Dietary risk for children. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 86 (5): 506-510.
  • Gondo, T. F., M. Kamakama, B. Oatametse, T. Samu, J. Bogopa & B. M. Keikotlhaile, 2021. Pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables from the southern part of Botswana. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part B, 14 (4): 271-280.
  • Jallow, M. F. A., D. G. Awadh, M. S. Albaho, V. Y. Devi & N. Ahmad, 2017. Monitoring of pesticide residues in commonly used fruits and vegetables in Kuwait. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14 (8): 833-845.
  • Kapoor, P. & S. Kar, 2022. A Critical Evaluation of the Consumer Confidence Survey from India. Economic Studies (Ikonomicheski Izsledvania), 31 (7): 172-198.
  • Kazar Soydan, D., N. Turgut, M. Yalçın, C. Turgut & P. B. K. Karakus, 2021. Evaluation of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables from the Aegean region of Turkey and assessment of risk to consumers. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28 (22): 27511-27519.
  • Kottadiyil, D., T. Mehta, R. Thasale & P. Sivaperumal, 2023. Determination and dietary risk assessment of 52 pesticide residues in vegetable and fruit samples by GC-MS/MS and UHPLC-QTOF/MS from Gujarat, India. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 115: 104957.
  • Kumari, D. & S. John, 2019. Health risk assessment of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables from farms and markets of Western Indian Himalayan region. Chemosphere, 224 (1): 162-167.
  • Lehotay, S. J., 2007. Pesticide residues in foods by acetonitrile extraction and partitioning with magnesium sulfate gas chro-matography/mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of AOAC International, 90 (2): 485-520.
  • Lozowicka, B., 2015. Health risk for children and adults consuming apples with pesticide residue. Science of the Total Environment, 502 (1): 184-198.
  • Marete, G. M., V. O. Shikuku, J. O. Lalah & V. W. Wekasa, 2020. Occurrence of pesticides residues in French beans, tomatoes, and kale in Kenya, and their human health risk indicators. Environmental Monitoring & Assessment, 192 (11): 692.
  • Mata, J., P. Kadel, R. Frank & B. Schüz, 2023. Education-and income-related differences in processed meat consumption across Europe: The role of food-related attitudes. Appetite, 182: 106417.
  • Mebdoua, S., M. Lazali, S. M. Ounane, S. Tellah, F. Nabi & G. Ounane, 2017. Evaluation of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables from Algeria Part B Surveillance. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part B, 10 (2): 91-98.
  • Nasreddine, L. & D. Parent-Massin, 2002. Food contamination by metals and pesticides in the European Union. Should we worry? Toxicology Letters, 127 (1-3): 29-41.
  • PPDB, 2023. IUPAC Pesticides Properties DataBase. (Web page: http://sitem.herts.ac.uk/aeru/iupac/) (Date accessed: January 2023).
  • Prior, R. L., 2003. Fruits and vegetables in the prevention of cellular oxidative damage. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 78 (3): 570-578.
  • SANTE, 2021. Analytical quality control and method validation procedures for pesticide residues analysis ın food and feed: SANTE 11312/2021. (Web page: https://www.accredia.it/en/documento/guidance-sante-11312-2021- analytical-quality-control-and-method-validation-procedures-for-pesticide-residues-analysis-in-food-and-feed/) (Date accessed: January, 2023)
  • Serbes, E. B. & O. Tiryaki, 2023. Determination of insecticide residues in “Bayramiç Beyazı” nectarines and their risk analysis for consumers. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 47 (1): 73-85.
  • Solecki, R., L. Davies, V. Dellarco, I. Dewhurst, M. V. Raaij & A. Tritscher, 2005. Guidance on setting of acute reference dose (ARfD) for pesticides. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 43 (11): 1569-1593.
  • TGK, 2021. Türk Gida Kodeksi Pestisitlerin Maksimum Kalinti Limitleri Yönetmeliği. Sayı: 31611, Ankara. (Web page: https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2021/09/20210927M1-1.htm) (Data accessed: October 2023) (in Turkish).
  • Tiryaki, O., 2016. Validation of QuEChERS method for the determination of some pesticide residues in two apple varieties. Journal Environmental Science and Health, Part B, 51 (10): 722-729.
  • TÜBER, 2019. Türkiye Beslenme Rehberi T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Yayın No: 1031, Ankara. (Web page: https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/saglikli-beslenme-hareketli-hayat-db/Türkiye_Beslenme_Rehberi_TUBER_18_04_2019.pdf) (Date accessed: January 2023) (in Turkish).
  • TUİK, 2021. Turkish Statistical Institute. (Web page: https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=92&locale=tr) (Date accessed: January 2023) (in Turkish).
  • Waichman, A. V., E. Eve & N. C. da Silva Nina, 2007. Do farmers understand the information displayed on pesticide product labels? A key question to reduce pesticides exposure and risk of poisoning in the Brazilian Amazon. Crop Protection, 26 (4): 576-583.
  • Wang, R., Y. Yang, Y. Deng, D. Hu & P. Lu, 2022. Multiresidue analysis and dietary risk assessment of pesticides in eight minor vegetables from Guizhou, China. Food Chemistry, 380: 131863.
  • Yousefi, S. H, Aslani, M. Shakerkhatibi, Y. Mohammadia & G. H. Safari, 2022. Combined health risk assessment of organophosphates pesticide residues in greenhouse cucumber in the Northwestern of Iran based on Monte Carlo Simulations. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 102 (1): 1-16.
  • Zhang, Y., W. Si, L. Chen, G. Shen, B. Bai & C. Zhou, 2021. Determination and dietary risk assessment of 284 pesticide residues in local fruit cultivars in Shanghai, China. Scientific Reports, 11 (1): 9681.

Acute and chronic exposure risks of insecticide residues in fresh commodities collected from Bursa (Türkiye) province markets during winter season

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 47 Sayı: 4 - Yıl: 2023 Cilt: 47 Sayı: 4, 477 - 493, 01.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.1300454

Öz

This study shows the findings about pesticide residues and the associated acute and chronic exposure risks of different fresh commodities collected from different markets located in Bursa province (Türkiye) during 2023 winter season. For this purpose, pesticide residue levels of the collected samples were analysed with LC-MS/MS. Highest levels of insecticide and acaricide residues were detected in some lettuce, parsley, dill, carrot, pear, mandarin and banana samples and they were exceeded the maximum residue limit (MRL). The acute and the chronic exposures to pesticides were assessed by using the highest and the average redidue levels of each pesticide respectively. Highest acute exposure was calculated as acute reference dose (ARfD) exceedance rate and it was 104.27% for indoxacarb in apples, 107.06% and 137.11% for lambda-cyhalothrin in pears and mandarins, and 158.2% for phosmet in pears. For all commodity types, none of the pesticide residues displayed chronic hazard. When the cumulative long-term exposure evaluated, none of the insecticides was found to be risky for adults. The findings showed that the levels of insecticide residues on lettuce, parsley, dill, carrot, apple, pear, mandarin, orange and banana samples collected from Bursa markets in winter 2023 could not be considered as an important public health risk.

Etik Beyan

The ethics approval for this study was obtained from Bursa Uludag University Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Board with the document number 2022-10/5

Destekleyen Kurum

Bursa Uludag University Scientific Research Projects Unit

Proje Numarası

Grant number FYL-2023-1512

Teşekkür

This article is a part of the Master of Science thesis of the first author. The authors also thank Prof. Dr. Nabi Alper Kumral for his critical reading and scientific corrections of the manuscript. This study was funded by Bursa Uludag University Scientific Research Projects Unit with Grant number FYL-2023-1512.

Kaynakça

  • Al-Nasir, F. M., A. G. Jiries, G. J. Al-Rabadi, M. H. Alu'datt, C. C. Tranchant, S. A. Al-Dalain, N. Alrabadi, O.Y. Madanat & R. S. Al-Dmour, 2020. Determination of pesticide residues in selected citrus fruits and vegetables cultivated in the Jordan Valley. LWT, 123: 109005.
  • Al-Shamary, N. M., M. A. Al-Ghouti, I. Al-Shaikh, S. H. Al-Meer & T. A. Ahmad, 2016. Evaluation of pesticide residues of organochlorine in vegetables and fruits in Qatar: statistical analysis. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 188 (3): 1-14.
  • Algharibeh, G. R. & M. S. Al Fararjeh, 2019. Pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables in Jordan using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part B, 12 (1): 65-73.
  • Ambrus, Á., V. V. N. Doan, J. Szenczi-Cseh, H. Szemánné-Dobrik & A. Vásárhelyi 2023. Quality control of pesticide residue measurements and evaluation of their results. Molecules, 28 (3): 954.
  • Baldi, I., L. Filleul, B. Mohammed-Brahim, C. Fabrigoule, J. F. Dartigues, S. Schwall, J. P. Drevet, R. Salamon & P. Brochard, 2001. Neuropsychologic effects of long-term exposure to pesticides: results from the French Phytoner study. Environmental Health Perspectives, 109 (8): 839-844.
  • Balkan, T. & K. Kara, 2022. Determination of pesticide residues and risk assessment in some vegetables grown in Tokat province. Plant Protection Bulletin, 62 (2): 26-35.
  • Balkan, T. & Ö. Yılmaz, 2022. Method validation, residue and risk assessment of 260 pesticides in some leafy vegetables using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chemistry, 384: 132516.
  • Balkan, T. & Ö. Yılmaz, 2022. Investigation of insecticide residues in potato grown in Türkiye by LC-MS/MS and GC-MS and health risk assessment. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 46 (4): 481-500.
  • Berrada, H., M. Fernández, M. J. Ruiz, J. C. Moltó, J. Mañes & G. Font, 2010. Surveillance of pesticide residues in fruits from Valencia during twenty months (2004/05). Food Control, 21 (1): 36-44.
  • Bhanti, M. & A. Taneja, 2007. Contamination of vegetables of different seasons with organophosphorous pesticides and related health risk assessment in northern India. Chemosphere, 69 (1): 63-68.
  • BKU, 2023. Plant Protection Products Database. Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Agriculture and Forest, General Directorate of Food and Control, Department of Plant Protection Products. (Web page: https://bku.tarim.gov.tr) (Date accessed: November 2023) (in Turkish).
  • Blasco, C., G. Font & Y. Picó, 2006. Evaluation of 10 pesticide residues in oranges and tangerines from Valencia (Spain). Food Control, 17 (11): 841-846.
  • Brancato, A., D. Brocca, L. Ferreira, L. Greco, S. Jarrah, R. Leuschner, P. Medina, I. Miron, A. Nougadere, R. Pedersen, H. Reich, M. Santos, A. Stanek, J. Tarazona, A. Theobald & L. Villamar-Bouza, 2018. Guidance on use of EFSA Pesticide Residue Intake Model (EFSA PRIMo revision 3). EFSA Journal, 16 (1): 5147-5160.
  • CAC, 2003. Representative commodities/samples for validation of analytical procedures for pesticide residues. In codex alimentarius commission guidelines on good laboratory practice in pesticide residue analysis. CAC/GL 40-1993. (Web page: http://www.fao.org/input/download/standards/378/cxg_040e.pdf) (Date accessed: January 2023)
  • Calvert, G. M., W. T. Sanderson, M. Barnett, J. M. Blondell & L. N. Mehler, 2001. “Surveillance of Pesticide-related Illness and Injury in Humans, 603-641”. In: Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology (Eds. R. Krieger, J. Doull, D. Ecobichon, E. Hodgson, L. Reiter & J. Ross), Academic Press New York, 2342 pp.
  • Cámara, M. A., S. Cermeño, G. Martínez & J. Oliva, 2020. Removal residues of pesticides in apricot, peach and orange processed and dietary exposure assessment. Food Chemistry, 325 (30): 126936.
  • Catak, H. & O. Tiryaki, 2020. Insecticide residue analyses in cucumbers sampled from Çanakkale open markets. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 44 (4): 449-460.
  • Chen, C., Y. Qian, Q. Chen, C. Tao, C. Li & Y. Li, 2011. Evaluation of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables from Xiamen, China. Food Control, 22 (7): 1114-1120.
  • Darko, G. & O. Akoto, 2008. Dietary intake of organophosphorus pesticide residues through vegetables from Kumasi, Ghana. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 46 (12): 3703-3706.
  • Dulger, H. & O. Tiryaki, 2021. Investigation of pesticide residues in peach and nectarine sampled from Çanakkale, Turkey, and consumer dietary risk assessment. Environmental Monitoring & Assessment, 193 (9): 561.
  • El Hawari, K., S. Mokh, M. Al Iskandarani, W. Halloum & F. Jaber, 2019. Pesticide residues in Lebanese apples and health risk assessment. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part B, 12 (2): 81-89.
  • El-Saeid, M. H. & M. T. Selim, 2013. Multiresidue analysis of 86 pesticides using gas chromatography mass spectrometry: II-nonleafy vegetables. Journal of Chemistry, 25 (2): 727149.
  • Ersoy, N., Ö. Tatlı, S. Özcan, E. Evcil, L. Ş. Coşkun & E. Erdoğan, 2011. Bazı tropikal ve suptropikal meyve türlerinde pestisit kalıntıları. Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences, 25 (2): 81-88.
  • Esturk, O., Y. Yakar & Z. Ayhan, 2014. Pesticide residue analysis in parsley, lettuce and spinach by LC-MS/MS. Journal of Food Science & Technology, 51 (3): 458-466.
  • EU Pesticide Database, 2023. Pesticide Residues MRLs. Directorate General for Health & Consumers. (Web page: https://food.ec.europa.eu/plants/pesticides/eu-pesticides-database_en) (Date accessed: January, 2023)
  • FAO, 2021. FAOSTAT, Crop Data Base. Food and Agriculture Organization United Nations. (Web page: http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC/visualize) (Date accessed: January, 2023).
  • Ferretti, G., T. Bacchetti, A. Belleggia & D. Neri, 2010. Cherry antioxidants: from farm to table. Molecules, 15 (10): 6993-7005.
  • Gebara, A. B., C. H. P. Ciscato, S. H. Monteiro & G. S. Souza, 2011. Pesticide residues in some commodities: Dietary risk for children. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 86 (5): 506-510.
  • Gondo, T. F., M. Kamakama, B. Oatametse, T. Samu, J. Bogopa & B. M. Keikotlhaile, 2021. Pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables from the southern part of Botswana. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part B, 14 (4): 271-280.
  • Jallow, M. F. A., D. G. Awadh, M. S. Albaho, V. Y. Devi & N. Ahmad, 2017. Monitoring of pesticide residues in commonly used fruits and vegetables in Kuwait. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14 (8): 833-845.
  • Kapoor, P. & S. Kar, 2022. A Critical Evaluation of the Consumer Confidence Survey from India. Economic Studies (Ikonomicheski Izsledvania), 31 (7): 172-198.
  • Kazar Soydan, D., N. Turgut, M. Yalçın, C. Turgut & P. B. K. Karakus, 2021. Evaluation of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables from the Aegean region of Turkey and assessment of risk to consumers. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28 (22): 27511-27519.
  • Kottadiyil, D., T. Mehta, R. Thasale & P. Sivaperumal, 2023. Determination and dietary risk assessment of 52 pesticide residues in vegetable and fruit samples by GC-MS/MS and UHPLC-QTOF/MS from Gujarat, India. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 115: 104957.
  • Kumari, D. & S. John, 2019. Health risk assessment of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables from farms and markets of Western Indian Himalayan region. Chemosphere, 224 (1): 162-167.
  • Lehotay, S. J., 2007. Pesticide residues in foods by acetonitrile extraction and partitioning with magnesium sulfate gas chro-matography/mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of AOAC International, 90 (2): 485-520.
  • Lozowicka, B., 2015. Health risk for children and adults consuming apples with pesticide residue. Science of the Total Environment, 502 (1): 184-198.
  • Marete, G. M., V. O. Shikuku, J. O. Lalah & V. W. Wekasa, 2020. Occurrence of pesticides residues in French beans, tomatoes, and kale in Kenya, and their human health risk indicators. Environmental Monitoring & Assessment, 192 (11): 692.
  • Mata, J., P. Kadel, R. Frank & B. Schüz, 2023. Education-and income-related differences in processed meat consumption across Europe: The role of food-related attitudes. Appetite, 182: 106417.
  • Mebdoua, S., M. Lazali, S. M. Ounane, S. Tellah, F. Nabi & G. Ounane, 2017. Evaluation of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables from Algeria Part B Surveillance. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part B, 10 (2): 91-98.
  • Nasreddine, L. & D. Parent-Massin, 2002. Food contamination by metals and pesticides in the European Union. Should we worry? Toxicology Letters, 127 (1-3): 29-41.
  • PPDB, 2023. IUPAC Pesticides Properties DataBase. (Web page: http://sitem.herts.ac.uk/aeru/iupac/) (Date accessed: January 2023).
  • Prior, R. L., 2003. Fruits and vegetables in the prevention of cellular oxidative damage. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 78 (3): 570-578.
  • SANTE, 2021. Analytical quality control and method validation procedures for pesticide residues analysis ın food and feed: SANTE 11312/2021. (Web page: https://www.accredia.it/en/documento/guidance-sante-11312-2021- analytical-quality-control-and-method-validation-procedures-for-pesticide-residues-analysis-in-food-and-feed/) (Date accessed: January, 2023)
  • Serbes, E. B. & O. Tiryaki, 2023. Determination of insecticide residues in “Bayramiç Beyazı” nectarines and their risk analysis for consumers. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 47 (1): 73-85.
  • Solecki, R., L. Davies, V. Dellarco, I. Dewhurst, M. V. Raaij & A. Tritscher, 2005. Guidance on setting of acute reference dose (ARfD) for pesticides. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 43 (11): 1569-1593.
  • TGK, 2021. Türk Gida Kodeksi Pestisitlerin Maksimum Kalinti Limitleri Yönetmeliği. Sayı: 31611, Ankara. (Web page: https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2021/09/20210927M1-1.htm) (Data accessed: October 2023) (in Turkish).
  • Tiryaki, O., 2016. Validation of QuEChERS method for the determination of some pesticide residues in two apple varieties. Journal Environmental Science and Health, Part B, 51 (10): 722-729.
  • TÜBER, 2019. Türkiye Beslenme Rehberi T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Yayın No: 1031, Ankara. (Web page: https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/saglikli-beslenme-hareketli-hayat-db/Türkiye_Beslenme_Rehberi_TUBER_18_04_2019.pdf) (Date accessed: January 2023) (in Turkish).
  • TUİK, 2021. Turkish Statistical Institute. (Web page: https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=92&locale=tr) (Date accessed: January 2023) (in Turkish).
  • Waichman, A. V., E. Eve & N. C. da Silva Nina, 2007. Do farmers understand the information displayed on pesticide product labels? A key question to reduce pesticides exposure and risk of poisoning in the Brazilian Amazon. Crop Protection, 26 (4): 576-583.
  • Wang, R., Y. Yang, Y. Deng, D. Hu & P. Lu, 2022. Multiresidue analysis and dietary risk assessment of pesticides in eight minor vegetables from Guizhou, China. Food Chemistry, 380: 131863.
  • Yousefi, S. H, Aslani, M. Shakerkhatibi, Y. Mohammadia & G. H. Safari, 2022. Combined health risk assessment of organophosphates pesticide residues in greenhouse cucumber in the Northwestern of Iran based on Monte Carlo Simulations. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 102 (1): 1-16.
  • Zhang, Y., W. Si, L. Chen, G. Shen, B. Bai & C. Zhou, 2021. Determination and dietary risk assessment of 284 pesticide residues in local fruit cultivars in Shanghai, China. Scientific Reports, 11 (1): 9681.
Toplam 53 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Pestisititler ve Toksikoloji
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Merve Çakı 0009-0003-0166-0633

Ayşegül Kumral 0000-0002-3550-7181

Proje Numarası Grant number FYL-2023-1512
Erken Görünüm Tarihi 27 Kasım 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Aralık 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 22 Mayıs 2023
Kabul Tarihi 14 Kasım 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 47 Sayı: 4 - Yıl: 2023 Cilt: 47 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Çakı, M., & Kumral, A. (2023). Acute and chronic exposure risks of insecticide residues in fresh commodities collected from Bursa (Türkiye) province markets during winter season. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 47(4), 477-493. https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.1300454
AMA Çakı M, Kumral A. Acute and chronic exposure risks of insecticide residues in fresh commodities collected from Bursa (Türkiye) province markets during winter season. TED. Aralık 2023;47(4):477-493. doi:10.16970/entoted.1300454
Chicago Çakı, Merve, ve Ayşegül Kumral. “Acute and Chronic Exposure Risks of Insecticide Residues in Fresh Commodities Collected from Bursa (Türkiye) Province Markets During Winter Season”. Turkish Journal of Entomology 47, sy. 4 (Aralık 2023): 477-93. https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.1300454.
EndNote Çakı M, Kumral A (01 Aralık 2023) Acute and chronic exposure risks of insecticide residues in fresh commodities collected from Bursa (Türkiye) province markets during winter season. Turkish Journal of Entomology 47 4 477–493.
IEEE M. Çakı ve A. Kumral, “Acute and chronic exposure risks of insecticide residues in fresh commodities collected from Bursa (Türkiye) province markets during winter season”, TED, c. 47, sy. 4, ss. 477–493, 2023, doi: 10.16970/entoted.1300454.
ISNAD Çakı, Merve - Kumral, Ayşegül. “Acute and Chronic Exposure Risks of Insecticide Residues in Fresh Commodities Collected from Bursa (Türkiye) Province Markets During Winter Season”. Turkish Journal of Entomology 47/4 (Aralık 2023), 477-493. https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.1300454.
JAMA Çakı M, Kumral A. Acute and chronic exposure risks of insecticide residues in fresh commodities collected from Bursa (Türkiye) province markets during winter season. TED. 2023;47:477–493.
MLA Çakı, Merve ve Ayşegül Kumral. “Acute and Chronic Exposure Risks of Insecticide Residues in Fresh Commodities Collected from Bursa (Türkiye) Province Markets During Winter Season”. Turkish Journal of Entomology, c. 47, sy. 4, 2023, ss. 477-93, doi:10.16970/entoted.1300454.
Vancouver Çakı M, Kumral A. Acute and chronic exposure risks of insecticide residues in fresh commodities collected from Bursa (Türkiye) province markets during winter season. TED. 2023;47(4):477-93.