This study aims to reveal the relationship between bank capital (BC), risk-taking, and profitability for commercial banks in Turkey using panel quantile regression models (QRPD) with non-additive fixed effects (NAFE). Accordingly, we consider the data of 18 commercial banks for 2012-2022. Firstly, we concluded a positive relationship between banks' risk-based capital (RBC) and traditional capital ratios (CR) and return on assets (ROA); in contrast, there is a negative relationship between RBC and risk-weighted assets (RWATA). Secondly, we found a positive relationship between RBC and the loan loss provision ratio (LLPTA) in other periods except the contraction period and between CR and LLPTA in other periods except the expansion period. The findings also showed an inverted U-shaped relationship between RBC and the LLPTA and return on equity (ROE) and an N-shaped relationship between CR and ROE. Lastly, we discovered a positive relationship between RWATA and ROA and ROE, whereas a negative relationship exists between LLPTA and ROA. The findings provide valuable insights into the validity of the moral hazard, cost-skimping, regulatory assumptions, agency, portfolio and risk-bearing profit theories in the commercial banking sector and that risk, capital and profitability indicators are leading factors in banks’ stability.
Abbas, F. and Aziz, B. (2020). The interdependence between capital and profitability in banking industry of Asia: A comparative study of developed and developing economies. NUML International Journal of Business & Management, 15(2), 17-34. Retrieved from https://www.proquest.com/
Abbas, F. and Bashir, A. (2021). Ex ante, ex post risk and bank capital ratios: An empirical investigation. Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences, Advance online publication. doi:10.1108/JEAS-06-2021-0108
Abbas, F., Ali, S., Moudud-Ul-Huq, S. and Naveed, M. (2021). Nexus between bank capital and risk-taking behaviour: Empirical evidence from US commercial banks. Cogent Business & Management, 8(1), 1947557, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2021.1947557
Abbas, F., Ali, S., Yousaf, I. and Wong, W-K. (2022). Economics of risk taking, risk-based capital and profitability: Empirical evidence of Islamic banks. Asian Academy of Management Journal of Accounting and Finance, 18(1), 1–31. https://doi.org/10.21315/aamjaf2022.18.1.1
Abbas, F., Iqbal, S. and Aziz, B. (2019). The impact of bank capital, bank liquidity and credit risk on profitability in postcrisis period: A comparative study of US and Asia. Cogent Economics & Finance, 7(1), 1605683, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2019.1605683
Akhmedjonov, A. and Balci-Izgi, B. (2015). If bank capital matters, then how? The effect of bank capital on profitability of Turkish banks during the recent financial crisis. Macroeconomics and Finance in Emerging Market Economies, 8(1-2), 160-166. https://doi.org/10.1080/17520843.2014.940988
Allard, A., Takman, J., Uddin, G.S. and Ahmed, A. (2018). The N-shaped environmental Kuznets curve: An empirical evaluation using a panel quantile regression approach. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25, 5848-5861. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0907-0
Ashraf, B.N., Arshad, S. and Hu, Y. (2016). Capital regulation and bank risk-taking behavior: Evidence from Pakistan. International Journal of Financial Studies, 4(3), 16. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijfs4030016
Ayaydin, H. and Karakaya, A. (2014). The effect of bank capital on profitability and risk in Turkish banking. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 5(1), 252-271. Retrieved from http://www.ijbssnet.com/
Aydin, Y. (2019). The relationship between bank capital and profitability: Evidence from Turkish banking sector. Journal of International Social Research, 12(62), 1174-1181. http://dx.doi.org/10.17719/jisr.2019.3128
BCBS. (1988). International convergence of capital measurement and capital standards. Retrieved from https://www.bis.org/publ/bcbs04a.pdf
BRSA. (2005). 10 soruda yeni Basel sermaye uzlaşısı (Basel II). Retrieved from https://www.bddk.org.tr/contentbddk/dokuman/duyuru_basel_0001_38.pdf
BRSA. (2010). Sorularla Basel III. Retrieved from https://www.bddk.org.tr/ContentBddk/dokuman/duyuru_basel_0001_53.pdf
Bitar, M., Pukthuanthong, K. and Walker, T. (2018). The effect of capital ratios on the risk, efficiency and profitability of banks: Evidence from OECD countries. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 53, 227-262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intfin.2017.12.002
Boamah, N.A., Opoku, E. and Boakye-Dankwa, A. (2023). Capital regulation, liquidity risk, efficiency and banks performance in emerging economies. Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance, 31(1), 126-145. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFRC-09-2021-0076
Bouheni, F.B. and Rachdi, H. (2015). Bank capital adequacy requirements and risk-taking behavior in Tunisia: A simultaneous equations framework. Journal of Applied Business Research, 31(1), 231-238. https://doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v31i1.9003
Bunyaminu, A., Bashiru, S., Amadu, I.M., Yakubu, I.N. and Iddrisu, A.J. (2021). Investigating the impact of capital adequacy ratio and corruption on bank risk-taking in Ghana. Academy of Accounting and Financial Studies Journal, 25(4), 1-7. doi:1528-2635-25-3-716
Celik, S. and Kaya, F. (2019). Micro-variables that affect bank profibility: A research on the Turkish banking sector. Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 19(3), 765-788. https://doi.org/10.11616/basbed.v19i49542.594328
Coccorese, P. and Girardone, C. (2021). Bank capital and profitability: Evidence from a global sample. The European Journal of Finance, 27(9), 827-856. https://doi.org/10.1080/1351847X.2020.1832902
Dao, B.T.T. and Nguyen, D.P. (2020). Determinants of profitability in commercial banks in Vietnam, Malaysia and Thailand. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(4), 133-143. doi:10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no4.133
Demir, Y. and Kucukkaplan, I. (2017). An overview of preventive, restrictive and supervisory regulations in Turkish banking system. Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 10(2), 188-202. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ohuiibf
Demirguc-Kunt, A. and Kane, E.J. (2002). Deposit insurance around the globe: Where does it work? Journal of Economic Perspectives, 16(2), 175–195. https://doi.org/10.1257/0895330027319
Dias, R. (2021). Capital regulation and bank risk‐taking–new global evidence. Accounting & Finance, 61(1), 847-884. https://doi.org/10.1111/acfi.12595
Dinu, V. and Bunea, M. (2022). The impact of competition and risk exposure on profitability of the Romanian banking system during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Competitiveness, 14(2), 5–22. https://doi.org/10.7441/joc.2022.02.01
Farkasdi, S., Septiawan, B. and Alghifari, E.S. (2021). Determinants of commercial banks profitability: Evidence from Germany. Jurnal Riset Akuntansi Kontemporer, 13(2), 82-88. https://doi.org/10.23969/jrak.v13i2.4500
Gasimova, G. and Karimov, A. (2017). Basel III capital adequacy requirements and their effects on the Turkish banking system. Uygulamalı Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 1(2), 19-45. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/iuusbd
Gizaw, M., Kebede, M. and Selvaraj, S. (2015). The impact of credit risk on profitability performance of commercial banks in Ethiopia. African Journal of Business Management, 9(2), 59-66. doi:10.5897/AJBM2013.7171
Gunes, N. (2014). Profitability in Turkish banking sector: Panel data analysis (The period 1990-1999). Journal of Economic and Social Thought, 1(1), 15-26. Retrieved from http://kspjournals.org/index.php/JEST/
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Banka Sermayesi, Risk Alma ve Kârlılık İlişkisi: Panel Kantil Yaklaşımından Yeni Kanıtlar
Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye'deki ticari bankalar için banka sermayesi, risk alma ve kârlılık arasındaki ilişkiyi toplamsal olmayan sabit etkili panel kantil regresyon modelleriyle ortaya koymaktır. Bu doğrultuda, 18 ticari bankanın 2012-2022 dönemine ait verileri dikkate alınmıştır. İlk olarak, bankaların risk bazlı sermaye (RBC) ve geleneksel sermaye (CR) oranları ile aktif kârlılık (ROA) arasında pozitif bir ilişki varken, bankaların risk bazlı sermaye oranları ile risk ağırlıklı varlıkları (RWATA) arasında negatif bir ilişkinin olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. İkinci olarak, daralma dönemi hariç diğer dönemlerde RBC ile kredi zararları karşılığı oranı (LLPTA) arasında ve genişleme dönemi hariç diğer dönemlerde CR ile LLPTA arasında pozitif bir ilişkinin olduğu bulunmuştur. Bulgular ayrıca RBC ile LLPTA ve özkaynak kârlılığı (ROE) arasında ters U şeklinde, CR ile ROE arasında ise N şeklinde bir ilişkinin olduğunu göstermiştir. Son olarak, RWATA ile ROA ve ROE arasında pozitif ilişki varken, LLPTA ile ROA arasında negatif bir ilişkinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bulgular, ahlaki tehlike, maliyet cimriliği, düzenleyici varsayımlar, vekâlet, portföy ve risk barındıran kâr teorilerinin ticari bankacılık sektöründe geçerliliğine ve risk, sermaye ve kârlılık göstergelerinin bankaların istikrarı üzerinde öncü faktörler olduğuna ilişkin değerli bilgiler sunmaktadır.
Abbas, F. and Aziz, B. (2020). The interdependence between capital and profitability in banking industry of Asia: A comparative study of developed and developing economies. NUML International Journal of Business & Management, 15(2), 17-34. Retrieved from https://www.proquest.com/
Abbas, F. and Bashir, A. (2021). Ex ante, ex post risk and bank capital ratios: An empirical investigation. Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences, Advance online publication. doi:10.1108/JEAS-06-2021-0108
Abbas, F., Ali, S., Moudud-Ul-Huq, S. and Naveed, M. (2021). Nexus between bank capital and risk-taking behaviour: Empirical evidence from US commercial banks. Cogent Business & Management, 8(1), 1947557, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2021.1947557
Abbas, F., Ali, S., Yousaf, I. and Wong, W-K. (2022). Economics of risk taking, risk-based capital and profitability: Empirical evidence of Islamic banks. Asian Academy of Management Journal of Accounting and Finance, 18(1), 1–31. https://doi.org/10.21315/aamjaf2022.18.1.1
Abbas, F., Iqbal, S. and Aziz, B. (2019). The impact of bank capital, bank liquidity and credit risk on profitability in postcrisis period: A comparative study of US and Asia. Cogent Economics & Finance, 7(1), 1605683, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2019.1605683
Akhmedjonov, A. and Balci-Izgi, B. (2015). If bank capital matters, then how? The effect of bank capital on profitability of Turkish banks during the recent financial crisis. Macroeconomics and Finance in Emerging Market Economies, 8(1-2), 160-166. https://doi.org/10.1080/17520843.2014.940988
Allard, A., Takman, J., Uddin, G.S. and Ahmed, A. (2018). The N-shaped environmental Kuznets curve: An empirical evaluation using a panel quantile regression approach. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25, 5848-5861. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0907-0
Ashraf, B.N., Arshad, S. and Hu, Y. (2016). Capital regulation and bank risk-taking behavior: Evidence from Pakistan. International Journal of Financial Studies, 4(3), 16. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijfs4030016
Ayaydin, H. and Karakaya, A. (2014). The effect of bank capital on profitability and risk in Turkish banking. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 5(1), 252-271. Retrieved from http://www.ijbssnet.com/
Aydin, Y. (2019). The relationship between bank capital and profitability: Evidence from Turkish banking sector. Journal of International Social Research, 12(62), 1174-1181. http://dx.doi.org/10.17719/jisr.2019.3128
BCBS. (1988). International convergence of capital measurement and capital standards. Retrieved from https://www.bis.org/publ/bcbs04a.pdf
BRSA. (2005). 10 soruda yeni Basel sermaye uzlaşısı (Basel II). Retrieved from https://www.bddk.org.tr/contentbddk/dokuman/duyuru_basel_0001_38.pdf
BRSA. (2010). Sorularla Basel III. Retrieved from https://www.bddk.org.tr/ContentBddk/dokuman/duyuru_basel_0001_53.pdf
Bitar, M., Pukthuanthong, K. and Walker, T. (2018). The effect of capital ratios on the risk, efficiency and profitability of banks: Evidence from OECD countries. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 53, 227-262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intfin.2017.12.002
Boamah, N.A., Opoku, E. and Boakye-Dankwa, A. (2023). Capital regulation, liquidity risk, efficiency and banks performance in emerging economies. Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance, 31(1), 126-145. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFRC-09-2021-0076
Bouheni, F.B. and Rachdi, H. (2015). Bank capital adequacy requirements and risk-taking behavior in Tunisia: A simultaneous equations framework. Journal of Applied Business Research, 31(1), 231-238. https://doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v31i1.9003
Bunyaminu, A., Bashiru, S., Amadu, I.M., Yakubu, I.N. and Iddrisu, A.J. (2021). Investigating the impact of capital adequacy ratio and corruption on bank risk-taking in Ghana. Academy of Accounting and Financial Studies Journal, 25(4), 1-7. doi:1528-2635-25-3-716
Celik, S. and Kaya, F. (2019). Micro-variables that affect bank profibility: A research on the Turkish banking sector. Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 19(3), 765-788. https://doi.org/10.11616/basbed.v19i49542.594328
Coccorese, P. and Girardone, C. (2021). Bank capital and profitability: Evidence from a global sample. The European Journal of Finance, 27(9), 827-856. https://doi.org/10.1080/1351847X.2020.1832902
Dao, B.T.T. and Nguyen, D.P. (2020). Determinants of profitability in commercial banks in Vietnam, Malaysia and Thailand. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(4), 133-143. doi:10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no4.133
Demir, Y. and Kucukkaplan, I. (2017). An overview of preventive, restrictive and supervisory regulations in Turkish banking system. Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 10(2), 188-202. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ohuiibf
Demirguc-Kunt, A. and Kane, E.J. (2002). Deposit insurance around the globe: Where does it work? Journal of Economic Perspectives, 16(2), 175–195. https://doi.org/10.1257/0895330027319
Dias, R. (2021). Capital regulation and bank risk‐taking–new global evidence. Accounting & Finance, 61(1), 847-884. https://doi.org/10.1111/acfi.12595
Dinu, V. and Bunea, M. (2022). The impact of competition and risk exposure on profitability of the Romanian banking system during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Competitiveness, 14(2), 5–22. https://doi.org/10.7441/joc.2022.02.01
Farkasdi, S., Septiawan, B. and Alghifari, E.S. (2021). Determinants of commercial banks profitability: Evidence from Germany. Jurnal Riset Akuntansi Kontemporer, 13(2), 82-88. https://doi.org/10.23969/jrak.v13i2.4500
Gasimova, G. and Karimov, A. (2017). Basel III capital adequacy requirements and their effects on the Turkish banking system. Uygulamalı Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 1(2), 19-45. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/iuusbd
Gizaw, M., Kebede, M. and Selvaraj, S. (2015). The impact of credit risk on profitability performance of commercial banks in Ethiopia. African Journal of Business Management, 9(2), 59-66. doi:10.5897/AJBM2013.7171
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Toplam 70 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
Birincil Dil
İngilizce
Konular
Banka Yönetimi, Bankacılıkta Risk Yönetimi, Ticari Bankacılık, Finans
Güngör, S. (2023). The Relationship between Bank Capital, Risk-Taking and Profitability: Fresh Evidence from Panel Quantile Approach. Ekonomi Politika Ve Finans Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(3), 378-403. https://doi.org/10.30784/epfad.1324401