TR
EN
From Financial Inclusion to Financial Resilience: Evolving Determinants in Türkiye (2011–2024)
Öz
Financial resilience—the capacity of individuals and households to withstand financial shocks and recover without enduring welfare losses—has become an essential indicator of economic well-being in emerging economies. This paper investigates the evolution and determinants of financial resilience in Türkiye from 2011 to 2024, a period marked by macroeconomic volatility, digital transformation, and institutional reform. Using microdata from the Global Findex surveys and estimating a Generalized Ordered Logit (gologit2) model with robust errors, the study identifies the socioeconomic and institutional factors shaping resilience levels—classified as not resilient, vulnerable, and resilient. Empirical results reveal that income, education, savings behavior, and age significantly enhance financial resilience. The interaction between saving and digital finance (digital_saver) indicates that digital inclusion alone does not increase resilience; its benefits emerge when households actively save through digital platforms. Formal borrowing appears positively associated with resilience, reflecting short-term liquidity support, while account ownership has mixed effects, suggesting uneven utilization of formal finance. Gender differences are statistically insignificant once income and education are controlled for, highlighting gradual narrowing of the financial gender gap. Resilience peaked in 2021, likely reflecting pandemic-era adaptation and widespread digital adoption, but declined toward 2024 amid persistent inflation and declining real income. Overall, the findings emphasize that strengthening saving incentives, promoting safe digital financial ecosystems, and restoring trust in financial institutions are crucial to sustaining household resilience in Türkiye.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- ...............
Ayrıntılar
Birincil Dil
İngilizce
Konular
Davranışsal İktisat, Finansal Ekonomi, Kurumsal İktisat
Bölüm
Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar
Yayımlanma Tarihi
30 Haziran 2026
Gönderilme Tarihi
5 Nisan 2026
Kabul Tarihi
29 Haziran 2026
Yayımlandığı Sayı
Yıl 2026 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2
APA
Hamzaoğlu, N. M. (2026). From Financial Inclusion to Financial Resilience: Evolving Determinants in Türkiye (2011–2024). Ekonomi Politika ve Finans Araştırmaları Dergisi, 11(2), 605-625. https://doi.org/10.30784/epfad.1923853
AMA
1.Hamzaoğlu NM. From Financial Inclusion to Financial Resilience: Evolving Determinants in Türkiye (2011–2024). EPF Journal. 2026;11(2):605-625. doi:10.30784/epfad.1923853
Chicago
Hamzaoğlu, Nazife Merve. 2026. “From Financial Inclusion to Financial Resilience: Evolving Determinants in Türkiye (2011–2024)”. Ekonomi Politika ve Finans Araştırmaları Dergisi 11 (2): 605-25. https://doi.org/10.30784/epfad.1923853.
EndNote
Hamzaoğlu NM (01 Haziran 2026) From Financial Inclusion to Financial Resilience: Evolving Determinants in Türkiye (2011–2024). Ekonomi Politika ve Finans Araştırmaları Dergisi 11 2 605–625.
IEEE
[1]N. M. Hamzaoğlu, “From Financial Inclusion to Financial Resilience: Evolving Determinants in Türkiye (2011–2024)”, EPF Journal, c. 11, sy 2, ss. 605–625, Haz. 2026, doi: 10.30784/epfad.1923853.
ISNAD
Hamzaoğlu, Nazife Merve. “From Financial Inclusion to Financial Resilience: Evolving Determinants in Türkiye (2011–2024)”. Ekonomi Politika ve Finans Araştırmaları Dergisi 11/2 (01 Haziran 2026): 605-625. https://doi.org/10.30784/epfad.1923853.
JAMA
1.Hamzaoğlu NM. From Financial Inclusion to Financial Resilience: Evolving Determinants in Türkiye (2011–2024). EPF Journal. 2026;11:605–625.
MLA
Hamzaoğlu, Nazife Merve. “From Financial Inclusion to Financial Resilience: Evolving Determinants in Türkiye (2011–2024)”. Ekonomi Politika ve Finans Araştırmaları Dergisi, c. 11, sy 2, Haziran 2026, ss. 605-2, doi:10.30784/epfad.1923853.
Vancouver
1.Nazife Merve Hamzaoğlu. From Financial Inclusion to Financial Resilience: Evolving Determinants in Türkiye (2011–2024). EPF Journal. 01 Haziran 2026;11(2):605-2. doi:10.30784/epfad.1923853