Küresel Finans Krizi’nin Türk Bankacılık Sektörü Piyasa Yapısı Üzerine Etkisi

Öz

Bu çalışmada Türk bankacılık sektörünün piyasa yapısı ve rekabet düzeyi, 2003-2018 verileri kullanılarak dinamik panel veri yöntemiyle araştırılmaktadır. Bu amaçla yapısal olmayan Panzar-Rosse modeli çerçevesinde önce 2003-2018 dönemi için, daha sonra Küresel Finans Krizinin etkilerini görebilmek amacıyla 2003-2009 ve 2010-2018 alt dönemleri için rekabet derecesini gösteren H istatistik değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular Türk bankacılık sektörünün 2003-2018 döneminde, literatürde yer alan tasnife uygun olarak monopolcü rekabet yapısına sahip olduğu söylenebilirse de, sektörün oligopolistik bir yapıda olduğu rahatlıkla ifade edilebilir. 2003-2009 ve 2010-2018 alt dönemleri itibariyle hesaplanan H istatistik değerleri ise sektörün oligopol piyasa yapısını korumakla beraber ilgili dönemlerde rekabet düzeyinin ciddi derecede düşük olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca iki alt dönem için hesaplanan H istatistik değeri karşılaştırıldığında, Küresel Finans Krizi sonrasında sektörün rekabet düzeyinin azaldığı gözlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Piyasa Yapısı
• Rekabet
• Panzar-Rosse Modeli
• Dinamik Panel Veri
• Türk Bankacılık Sektörü

The Effect of the Global Financial Crisis on the Market Structure: The Case of the Turkish Banking Sector

Öz

In this study, the market structure and competition level of the Turkish banking sector are investigated by employing a dynamic panel data method and using the data of the 2003-2018 period. For this purpose, within the framework of the non-structural Panzar-Rosse model, H statistical values were calculated for the period 2003-2018 and sub-periods 2003-2009 and 2010-2018 to investigate the effects of the Global Financial Crisis. According to the findings, the Turkish banking sector has a monopolistic competitive structure in the period of 2003-2018, in accordance with the classification in the literature. However, considering the structure of the Turkish banking sector, it can be stated that the sector has an oligopolistic structure. H statistical values also calculated for the 2003-2009 and 2010-2018 sub-periods that the level of competition in the sector is notably low, although the oligopolistic structure is maintained. Also, it is observed that the competition level of the sector decreased after the Global Financial Crisis, when the H statistics calculated for the two sub-periods are compared.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Market Structure
• Competition
• Panzar-Rosse Model
• Dynamic Panel Data
• Turkish Banking Sector

Kaynakça

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