İstanbul ve Çevresinde Tüketilen Sütlerde Pestisit Kontaminasyonlarının Belirlenmesi

Öz

Süt ve süt ürünleri; sosyoekonomik ve uluslararası ticaret açısından kritik bir öneme sahiptir. Süt tüketimi, pestisit-lerin yağ dokuda yoğunlaşma ve süte geçme özellikleri nedeniyle düzenli olarak maruziyet açısından ciddi halk sağlığı endişesi yaratmaktadır. Son zamanlarda artan kimyasal kontaminasyon endişeleri, tüketicilerin organik süte yönelik taleplerinde artışa neden olmuştur. Bu çalışma kapsamında, piyasada çeşitli marketlerde satışa sunulan, farklı ticari markalara ait 10 organik (pastörize), 20 klasik (UHT ve pastörize) yöntemle üretilmiş olmak üzere toplam 30 ısıl işlem görmüş süt örneği 177 pestisit açısından gaz kromatografisi/kütle spektroskopisi (GC-MS/MS) kullanılarak analiz edil-miştir. Analiz edilen süt örneklerinin hiçbirinde Türk Gıda Kodeksi (TGK)’nın ilgili yönetmeliğindeki maksimum kalıntı limitlerinin (0.01 mg/kg) üzerinde bir pestisit kontaminasyonuna rastlanmamıştır. Bununla birlikte çalışma kapsamına alınan lindane, heptachlor, fenamiphos ve aldrin pestisitlerine ait TGK limit değerlerinin, Codex Alimentarius (2019) limit değerlerine göre oldukça yüksek olduğu, benzer şekilde lindane, heptachlor, fenamiphos, aldrin, fipronil, endrin, chlordane, hexachlorobenzene pestistlerine ait değerlerin ise Avrupa Birliği Komisyonu (EC, 2010) tarafından belir-lenen limitlerin çok üzerinde kaldığı gözlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, TGK’nin ilgili yönetmeliğindeki bazı pestisitlere ait maksimum kalıntı limit değerlerinin güncellenmesi gerektiğini, benzer şekilde ulusal referans laboratuvarların da alt yapı ve metotlarını bu limit değerlere göre düzenlemesi gerektiğini ortaya koymuştur. Pestisit maruziyetleri açısından halk sağlığının korunabilmesi için iyi tarım uygulamalarının ve pestisit takip sistemlerinin geliştirilmesi gerekmektedir. Farklı üretim metotlarının kontaminasyon düzeylerine olan etkilerinin daha iyi anlaşılabilmesi için konuya ilişkin daha kapsamlı çalışmaların planlanmasına ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Halk sağlığı
• kontaminasyon
• pestisit
• süt

Pesticide Contaminations in Organic Milk Samples in and Around İstanbul

Öz

Milk and milk products have critical importance in terms of socio-economic and international trade. Consider-ing the ability of pesticides to concentrate in fat tissue and pass into milk, milk consumption cause serious public health concerns as a source of regular pesticide exposure. Recently, increasing chemical contamination concerns have led to an increase in consumer demand for organic milk. Within the scope of this study, a total of 30 heat-treated milk sam-ples of different commercial brands, 10 organic (pasteurized) and 20 conventionally (UHT and pasteurized) produced milk samples sold in markets, were analyzed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) for 177 pes-ticides. No pesticide contamination was found in any of the analyzed milk samples above the maximum residue limits (0.01 mg/kg) of related Turkish Food Codex (TGK) regulations. However, it was determined that the TGK limit values of some pesticides (lindane, heptachlor, fenamiphos, aldrin) included in the study were quite high compared to the limit values of Codex Alimentarius (2019). Similarly, the values of some pesticides (lindane heptachlor, fenamiphos, aldrin, fipronil, endrin, chlordane, hexachlorobenzene) in TGK were observed to be well above the limits determined by the European Commission (EC, 2010). The results revealed the need of the maximum residue limit (MRL) values of some pesticides in the related TGK regulations to be updated, and the infrastructure and methods of national reference labor-atories to be revised accordingly. Good agricultural practices and pesticide tracking systems need to be implemented to protect public health in terms of pesticide exposures. More comprehensive studies are needed in order to better understand the effects of different production methods on pesticide contamination levels in milk and milk products.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Contamination
• milk
• pesticide
• public health

Kaynakça

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