Çeşitli Hayvan Türlerine Ait Çiğ Sütlerde Staphylococcus aureus ve Stafilokokal Enterotoksinlerin Varlığının Araştırılması

Öz

Staphylococcus aureus ve Stafilokokal Enterotoksinler (SE), hastane ve toplum kaynaklı hastalıklarla ilişkili ciddi bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Özellikle süt hayvanlarından çiğ süte geçen S. aureus, insanlarda gıda zehirlenmelerine yol açmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Kayseri bölgesinde satışa sunulan 500 çiğ süt örneğindeki (inek sütü=200; koyun sütü=200; manda sütü= 100) S. aureus ve SE’lerin prevalans ve çeşitliliği PCR ve ELISA yöntemleri ile araştırıldı. Analiz edilen süt örneklerinin 380’inden (%76) koagülaz pozitif S. aureus (KPS) izole edildi. PCR testi ile KPS izolatlarının 136’sı (%35.7) S. aureus olarak identifiye edildi. Bu izolatların 52’si koyun, 48’i inek ve 36’sı manda sütlerine ait idi. Belirlenen 136 izolatın m-PCR metodu ile incelenmesi sonucunda, 16 izolatın SE genlerinden en az birini içerdiği gözlendi. Bu genlerin 6’sının sea, 1’inin seb, 4’ünün sec ve 5’inin sed geni olduğu belirlendi. ELISA testi sonucu, çiğ sütlerdeki ente-rotoksin dağılımları ise; SEA: 2 inek, 1 koyun ve 1 manda; SEC: 2 manda ve 1 inek; SED: 1 inek ve 2 koyun şeklinde idi. Sonuç olarak bu çalışma, Kayseri bölgesinde satışa sunulan çiğ sütlerde S. aureus ve SE’lerin varlığını ortaya ko-yarak, sütte gıda güvenliği ve halk sağlığı için iyi üretim uygulamaları (Good manufacturing practices; GMP), personel hijyeni ve eğitimi, çiftlik ve ekipmanların sanitasyonu, meme hijyeni ve sağlığı ve tehlike analizleri ve kritik kontrol nok-taları (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points; HACCP) uygulamaları ile kontaminasyon riskinin azaltılmasının önemini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Çiğ süt
• halk sağlığı
• S. aureus
• stafilokokkal enterotoksinler

Investigation of the Presence of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcal Enterotoxins in Raw Milk of Various Animal Species

Öz

Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcal Enterotoxins (SE) are a serious public health issue associated with hospital- and community-acquired diseases. S. aureus, especially transmitted from dairy animals to raw milk, causes food poisoning in humans. In this study, the prevalence and disruption of S. aureus and SEs in 500 raw milk samples (cow milk= 200; sheep milk= 200; buffalo milk= 100), offered for sale in the Kayseri region, were investigated by PCR and ELISA methods. Coagulase positive S. aureus (CoPS) was isolated from 380 (76%) of the analysed milk samples. According to the PCR test, 136 (35.7%) of the CoPS isolates were identified as S. aureus, 52 of these iso-lates belonged to sheep, 48 to cow and 36 to buffalo milk. Among the 136 isolates, 16 of them found to contain at least one of the SE genes with the m-PCR method. It was determined that 6 of these genes were sea, 1 was seb, 4 was sec and 5 was sed. According to the ELISA test, enterotoxin distributions in raw milks are SEA: 2 cow’s, 1 sheep and 1 buffalo; SEC: 2 buffalo’s and 1 cow; SED: 1 cow and 2 sheep. As a result, this study revealed the presence of S. aureus and SEs in raw milk sold in the Kayseri region and shows the importance of reducing the risk of contamination through good manufacturing practices (GMP), personnel hygiene and training, sanitation of farms and equipment, ud-der hygiene and health and Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) applications for food safety and public health in milk.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Public health
• raw milk
• S. aureus
• staphylococcal enterotoxins

Kaynakça

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