Perakende Olarak Satışa Sunulan Kaymak ve Tereyağlarda Aflatoksin M1 Varlığı

Öz

Bu çalışmada, tereyağı ve kaymak örneklerinde aflatoksin M₁'in (AFM₁) varlığı ve düzeylerinin araştırılması amaçlandı. Çalışmada rastgele alınan 100 örnek (50 tereyağı ve 50 kaymak) Enzyme-Linked İmmune Sorbent Assay (ELISA) tekniği ile analiz edildi. İncelenen örneklerin tamamında (%100) AFM₁ bulunmuştur. AFM1 kontaminasyon seviyeleri, tereyağı ve kaymak örneklerinde sırasıyla 6.58-128.69 ng/kg ve 5.70-26.62 ng/kg arasında tespit edildi. Sadece bir (%2) tereyağı örneğindeki AFM1 konsantrasyonunun Türk Gıda Kodeksinin belirlediği maksimum yasal sınırların üzerinde olduğu tespit edildi. Sonuç olarak, tereyağı ve kaymaktaki AFM₁ varlığı muhtemel bir halk sağlığı problemi olarak düşünülebilir. Bu nedenle, süt ve süt ürünleri, AFM₁ kontaminasyonu varlığı yönünden sürekli izlenmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• AFM1,ELISA,kaymak,tereyağı

Presence of Aflatoxin M1 in Sales as Retail Cream and Butter

Öz

The aim of this study was to investigate the presence and level of aflatoxin M₁ (AFM₁) in butter and cream samples. In this study, 100 samples (50 butter and 50 cream) obtained by random sampling method were analyzed by Enzyme-Linked Immune Sorbent Assay (ELISA) technique. AFM₁ were found in all of the samples examined (100%). The AFM₁ contamination levels in butter and cream samples ranged from 6.58 to 128.69 ng/kg and 5.70 to 26.62 ng/kg, respectively. In only one (2 %) of butter samples, AFM₁ concentration exceeded the maximum legal limits according to Turkish Food Codex. In conclusion, the occurrence of AFM₁ in the butter and cream may be considered as a possible public health problem. Therefore, milk and milk products have to be monitored continuously for the presence of AFM₁ contamination.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• AFM1,butter,cream,ELISA

Kaynakça

1. 1. Aksoy A, Atmaca E, Yazıcı F, Güvenç D, Gül O, Dervisoglu M. Comparative analysis of aflatoxin in marketed butter by ELISA and HPLC. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg 2016; 22(4): 619-21.
2. 2. Applebaum RS, Brackett RE, Wiseman DW, Marth EH. Aflatoxin: Toxicity to dairy cattle and occurrence in milk and milk products. J Food Protect 1982; 45(8): 752-77.
3. 3. Ashraf MW. Determination of aflatoxin levels in some dairy food products and dry nuts consumed in Saudi Arabia. Food and Public Health 2012; 2(1): 39-42.
4. 4. Atasever AM, Adıgüzel G, Atasever M, Ozturan K. Determination of aflatoxin M1 level in butter samples consumed in Erzurum, Turkey. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg 2010; 16(Suppl-A): 159-62.
5. 5. Ayçiçek H, Aksoy A, Saygı S. Determination of aflatoxin levels in some dairy and food products which consumed in Ankara, Turkey. Food Control 2005; 16(3): 263-6.
6. 6. Ayçiçek H, Yarsan E, Sarımehmetoğlu B, Çakmak Ö. Aflatoxin M1 in white cheese and butter consumed in Istanbul, Turkey. Vet Human Toxicol 2002; 44(5): 295-6.
7. 7. Ayyıldız T. Organik süt ve süt ürünlerinde aflatoksin M1 varlığının araştırılması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Celal Bayar Üniv, Fen Bil Enst, Manisa 2012; s. 42.
8. 8. Bakırcı I. A study on the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in milk and milk products produced in Van province of Turkey. Food Control 2001; 12(1): 47-51.

9. 9. Bbosa GS, Kitya D, Odda J, Ogwal-Okeng J. Aflatoxins metabolism, effects on epigenetic mechanisms and their role in carcinogenesis. Health 2013;5(10A): 14-34.
10. 10. Bennett JW, Klich M. Mycotoxins. Clin Microbiol Rev 2003; 16(3): 497-516.
11. 11. Creppy EE. Update of survey regulation and toxic effects of mycotoxins in Europe. Toxicol Lett 2002; 127(1-3): 19-28.
12. 12. Demirer MA. Süt ve süt mamüllerinde aflatoksin M1 ve B1 aranması üzerinde araştırmalar. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg 1973; 4(1): 421- 43.
13. 13. Dragacci S, Glezies E, Fremy JM, Candlish AAG. Use of immuno affinity chromotography as a purification step for the determination of aflatoxin M in cheeses. Food Add and Cont 19912(1): 59-65.
14. 14. Nleya N, Adetunji MC, Mwanza. Current status of mycotoxin contamination of food commodities in Zimbabwe. Toxins 2018; 10(89): 1-12.
15. 15. Fallah AA, Rahnama M, Jafari T, Saei-Dehkordi SS. Seasonal variation of aflatoxin M1 contamination in industrial and traditional Iranian dairy products. Food Control 2011; 22(10): 1653-6.
16. 16. Fallah AA. Aflatoxin M1 contamination in dairy products marketed in Iran during winter and summer. Food Control 2010; 21(11): 1478-81.
17. 17. Kara R, Ince S. Presence of aflatoxin M1 in kaymak poroduced in Afyonkarahisar province. Fresen Environ Bull 2018; 27(7): 5033-36.
18. 18. Ketney O, Santini A, Oancea S. Recent aflatoxin survey data in milk and milk product: a review. Int J Dairy Technol 2017; 70(3): 1-12.
19. 19. Khaniki RJ. Chemical contaminants in milk and public health concerns: A review. Int J Dairy Sci 2007; 2(2): 104-15.
20. 20. Koçsarı FS, Taşcı F, Mor F. Survey of aflatoxin M1 in milk and dairy products consumed in Burdur, Turkey. Int J Dairy Technol 2012; 65(3): 365-71.
21. 21. Maqbool U, Anwar-Ul-Haq, Ahmad M. ELISA determination of aflatoxin M1 in milk and dairy products in Pakistan. Toxicol Environ Chem 2009; 91(2): 241-9.
22. 22. Nakajima M, Tabata S, Akiyama H, et al. Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in domestic milk in Japan during the winter season. Food Addit Contam 2004; 21(5): 472-8.
23. 23. Özbek E. Marmara bölgesi askeri birliklerinde tüketime sunulan süt ve süt ürünlerinde aflatoksin M1 düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ondokuz Mayıs Üniv, Sağlık Bil Enst, Samsun 2006;s.56.
24. 24. Peraica M, Radić B, Lucić A, Pavlović M. Toxic effects of mycotoxins in humans. Bull World Health Organ 1999; 77(9): 754-66.
25. 25. Sakuma S, Kamata H, Sugita-Konishi Y, Kawakami H. Method for determination of aflatoxin M1 in cheese and butter by HPLC using an immunoaffnity column. Food Hyg Saf Sci 2011; 52(4): 220-5.
26. 26. Sarımehmetoğlu B, Kuplulu Ö, Çelik TH. Detection of aflatoxin M1 in cheese samples by ELISA. Food Control 2004; 15(1): 45-9.