Veteriner Fitoterapi ve Etnoveteriner Hekimlikte de Kullanılan Thymbra spicata L., Rosmarinus officinalis L. ve Laurus nobilis L. Bitkilerinin Kimyasal İçeriklerinin Belirlenmesi

Öz

Bitki ve bitkisel materyaller veteriner fitoterapi ve etnoveteriner hekimlik uygulamaları içerisinde önemli bir yere sahiptir. Bitkiler tarafından sentezlenen bazı biyoaktif kimyasal bileşenler medikal etkilere sahiptir. Ancak bu bitki ve bitkisel materyallerin kullanımları; teşhisteki yanlışlıklar, doz ayarlama güçlüğü, geleneksel kullanımlarına dair yazılı kayıt ve bilimsel çalışmaların yetersizliği, düşük hijyen koşulları ve toplandığı bölgeye, mevsime, kullanılan kısmına ve elde edildiği yönteme göre sahip oldukları kimyasal kompozisyonlarının değişmesi gibi nedenlere bağlı olarak zehirlen-meler meydana getirebilmektedir. Çalışma kapsamında Hatay bölgesinde yetişen, veteriner fitoterapi ve etnoveteriner hekimliğinde de kullanılan Thymbra spicata var. spicata L., Rosmarinus officinalis L. ve Laurus nobilis L. bitkilerinin içerdikleri biyoaktif kimyasal maddelerin kompozisyonları belirlenmiştir. Solvent ekstraksiyonu yöntemiyle elde edilen bitki ekstraksiyonlarının kimyasal kompozisyonları gaz kromatografisi kütle spektrofotometresi (GC-MS) ile belirlendi. Analiz sonucunda R. officinalis L. ve L. nobilis L.’in ana bileşenleri sırasıyla %38.91 ve %33.70 oranlarında 1,8-sineol (ökaliptol) olarak tespit edildi. T. spicata var. spicata L.’nın ana bileşeni ise karvakrol (%48.82) olarak belirlendi. Bu bileşenlerin antimikrobiyal, antienflamatuar ve antioksidan etkileri yanında karaciğer, böbrek, pankreas ve testis gibi organ hasarları, DNA iplik kopmaları ve solunum problemleri gibi istenmeyen ve zehirli etkilere de yol açtığı bildirilmiş-tir. Bu nedenle hayvan sağlığında da kullanılan tıbbi bitki ve bitkisel materyallerin ana bileşen ve oranının bilinmesinin potansiyel toksik etkilerin önlenebilmesi açısından önemli olduğu düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Biyoaktif bileşenler
• etnoveteriner hekimlik
• solvent ekstraksiyon
• toksikoloji
• veteriner fitoterapi

Determination of Chemical Contents of Thymbra spicata L., Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Laurus nobilis L., Also Used in Veterinary Phytotherapy and Ethnoveterinary Medicine

Öz

Plants and herbal substances have an important place in veterinary phytotherapy and ethnoveterinary med-icine applications. Some bioactive chemical compounds synthesized by plants have medical effects. However, the use of these plants and herbal materials can cause poisoning due to wrong identification, difficulty in adjusting its dosage, insufficiency of written records and scientific studies on their traditional use, poor hygienic conditions in preparation and variation in their chemical composition according to the region, where and the season when they are gathered, their used part, and their extraction method. In our study, it was aimed to determine the chemical compositions and to toxi-cologically evaluate the major compounds of T. spicata var. spicata L., Rosmarinus officinalis L., and Laurus nobilis L. grown in Hatay region and used in veterinary phytotherapy and ethnoveterinary medicine. Chemical compositions of plants contents obtained by solvent extraction method were determined by gas chromatography mass spectrophotom-etry (GC-MS) analysis. The major components of R. officinalis L. and L. nobilis L. were determined as 1,8-cineol (eucalyptol), in rates of 38.91%, and 33.70% respectively. The major component of T. spicata var. spicata L. was deter-mined as carvacrol (48.82%). While these components have antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, it has also been reported to cause undesirable and toxic effects such as organs damages (liver, kidney, pancreas and testes etc.), DNA thread breaks and respiratory problems. For this reason, it is thought that knowing the major compo-nents and their ratios of medicinal plants and materials used in animal health is important in terms of preventing poten-tial toxic effects.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bioactive components
• ethnoveterinary medicine
• solvent extraction
• toxicology
• veterinary phytotherapy

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