İneklerde Postpartum Dönemdeki Hastalıklarda Sitokin Düzeyleri

Öz

Periparturient dönemde, süt sentezinin başlaması ve yem tüketiminin azalması sonucu enerji ihtiyacının artması, ineklerde negatif enerji dengesinin (NED) ortaya çıkmasına neden olur. İneklerin NED’e uyum sağlayamaması sonucu, yağlı karaciğer ve ketozis gibi metabolik hastalıklar ortaya çıkmaktadır. Karaciğer yağlanması sonucu ketozis, aboma-sum deplasmanı, metritis gibi hastalıklar, immün sistemin baskılanması ve reprodüktif performansta azalma görülmek-tedir. Süt ineklerinin bu dönemde maruz kaldıkları metabolik stres hem doğal hem de kazanılmış bağışıklık üzerinde birçok olumsuzluklara sebep olmaktadır. Hem doğal hem de kazanılmış bağışıklık sisteminin düzenli çalışması için gerekli bir molekül olan sitokinlerin organizmadaki birçok önemli fizyolojik ve patolojik olayda görevleri vardır. Sitokinler fonksiyonlarına göre proinflamatuvar ve antiinflamatuvar olarak sınıflandırılabilir. Proinflamatuvar sitokinler (İnterlökin-1 Beta (IL-1β), Tümör Nekrozis Faktör-Alfa (TNF-α), IL-6, IL-15, IL-8) özellikle lökositleri aktive ederek organizmanın patojen mikroorganizmalara ve tümörlere karşı savunmasında rol alırlar. Antiinflamatuvar sitokinler ise (IL-4, IL-10, IL-13) inflamatuvar cevabı sınırlandırırlar. Bu derlemede, süt inekçiliğinde periparturient dönemdeki immün sistem fonksi-yonlarının önemli göstergelerinden biri olan sitokin konsantrasyonlarının, metabolik değişiklikler ve bu dönemde gözle-nen hastalıklarla arasındaki ilişkisi hakkında bilgi verilmesi amaçlandı.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İnek
• periparturient
• sitokin

Cytokine Levels of Diseases in Postpartum Period in Cows

Öz

The increase in energy requirement as a result of the start of milk synthesis and decrease in feed con-sumption causes negative energy balance (NEB) in cows in periparturient period. Inability to adapt to the NEB results in metabolic diseases such as fatty liver and ketosis. Ketosis, abomasum displacement, metritis, immune system sup-pression and decrease in reproductive performance are seen as a result of fatty liver. The metabolic stress experi-enced by dairy cows during this period causes dysfunction in many ways on both natural and acquired immunity. The metabolic stress of dairy cows during this period cause many negative effects on both natural and acquired immunity. Cytokines, a molecule necessary for the functioning of both the innate and acquired immune system, have roles in many important physiological and pathological events in the organism. Cytokines can be classified as pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory according to their functions. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (Interleukine-1 Beta (IL-1β), Tumor Ne-crosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α), IL-6, IL-15, IL-8) play a role in the defence of the organism against pathogenic microor-ganisms and tumours, in particular by activating leukocytes. Anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, IL-13) limit the inflammatory responses. In this review, it was aimed to give information about cytokine concentrations, which is one of the important indicators of immune system functions in dairy cattle periparturient period, its relationship with metabolic changes and diseases observed during this period.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Cow
• cytokine
• periparturient

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