Örgütlerde Kültür Örgütsel Adalet ve Sessizlik Arasındaki İlişkinin Kuramsal Açıdan İncelenmesi

Yıl 2021, , 1398 - 1408, 17.12.2021

Yavuz Sezer Oğuzhan

https://doi.org/10.48070/erciyesakademi.994140

Öz

İnsan kaynakları yönetimi ve örgütsel davranış odaklı kültür, örgütlerde adalet ve örgüt içerisinde yaşanan olumsuzluklara karşı geliştirilen sessiz kalma eylemleri, örgüt politikalarında ve çalışan eylemlerinde farklı neden ve sonuçlara ortam hazırlayabilmektedir. Canlı mekanizmalar olan örgütlere ait yapı, kültür, iklim ve politikalar, bulunduğu coğrafya ve bünyesinde hizmet verdiği çalışanlar tarafından da şekillenebilmektedir. Örgütlerde yaşanan olumlu ve olumsuz olayların çalışanları doğrudan ve dolaylı yoldan etkileyeceği düşünülürse verilen tepkilerin de örgütün verimliliğini de etkilemesi olağan karşılanmaktadır. Adil bir ortamda çalışanlar görmüş oldukları olumsuz durumlardan dolayı bazı reaksiyonlar gösterebilmektedirler. Sessizlik de bu reaksiyonlardan biri olup son zamanların gözde konularındandır. Bu çalışma, örgütlerde kültür anlayışı, örgütsel adalet ve örgütsel sessizlik arasındaki ilişkiyi teorik olarak açıklamayı amaçlamaktadır. Uzun süredir sosyoloji, antropoloji, tarih ve sosyo-psikoloji alanlarının konusu olmuş kültür, örgütsel davranış disiplininin de ilgi çeken konusu haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada, çalışanların algılarına ve davranışlarına odaklanan örgütsel davranış disiplini penceresinden, kültürel değerlerin nasıl şekillenebileceğine ve çalışanların adalet algılarının ve sessiz kalma eylemlerinin nasıl etkilenebileceğine odaklanılmıştır. Örgütlerde kültür kavramı, örgütsel adalet ve sessizlik kavramları teorik olarak incelendikten sonra her üç konunun birbirileriyle ilişkisi nicel ve nitel verilerle sunulmaktadır. Son bölümde ise sonuç, değerlendirme ve önerilere yer verilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Örgütlerde Kültür, Örgütsel Adalet, Örgütsel Sessizlik

Theoretical Analysis of the Relationship between Culture Organizational Justice and Silence in Organizations

Öz

Human resources management and organizational behavior-oriented culture, justice in organizations, and silence actions developed against the negativities experienced within the organization can prepare the environment for different causes and results in organizational policies and employee actions. The structure, culture, climate and policies of organizations that are living mechanisms can also be shaped by the geography they are in and the employees they serve. Considering that positive and negative events in organizations will affect employees directly and indirectly, the reactions given will also affect the productivity of the organization. Employees in a fair environment may show some reactions due to the negative situations they have seen. Silence is one of these reactions and it is one of the favorite topics of recent times. This study aims to theoretically explain the relationship between understanding of culture, organizational justice and organizational silence in organizations. Culture, which has been the subject of sociology, anthropology, history and socio-psychology for a long time, has also become an interesting subject of the discipline of organizational behavior. In this study, it is focused on how cultural values can be shaped and how employees' perceptions of justice and silence actions can be affected from the perspective of organizational behavior discipline, which focuses on employees' perceptions and behaviors. After examining the concepts of culture in organizations, organizational justice and silence theoretically, the relationship of all three subjects with each other is presented with quantitative and qualitative data. In the last section, conclusions, evaluations and recommendations are given.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Culture in Organizations, Organizational Justice, Organizational Silence

Kaynakça

• Acaray, A., & Şevik, N. (2016). Kültürel boyutların örgütsel sessizliğe etkisi üzerine bir araştırma. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 34(4), 1-18. https://doi.org/110.17065/huniibf.310508
• Bearden, W. O., Money, R. B., & Nevins, J. L. (2006). Multidimensional versus unidimensional measures in assessing national culture values: The Hofstede VSM 94 example. Journal of Business Research, 59(2), 195-203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2005.04.008
• Beugre D. C. & Baron, R. A. (2001). Perceptions of systemic justice: The effects of distributive, procedural and interactional justice. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 32(2), 325-332. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2001.tb00199.x
• Bowen, F., & Blackmon K. (2003). Spirals of silence: The dynamic effects of diversity on organizational voice. Journal of Management Studies, 40(6), 1393-1417. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00385
• Brockner, J., Ackerman, G., Greenberg, J., Gelfand, M. J., Francesco, A. M., Chen, Z. X., Leung, K., Bierbrauer, G., Gomez, C., Kirkman, C., & Shapiro, D. (2001). Kültür ve prosedür adaleti: Güç mesafesinin sese verilen tepkiler üzerindeki etkisi. Deneysel Sosyal Psikoloji Dergisi, 37(4), 300-315. https://doi.org/10.1006/jesp.2000.1451
• Cameron, K. S. & Quinn, R. E. (2006). Diagnosing and changing organizational culture. The Jossey-Bass Business & Management Series.
• Cohen-Charash, Y., & Spector, P. E. (2001). The Role of justice in organizations: A meta-analysis. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 86(2), 278-321. https://doi.org/10.1006/obhd.2001.2958
• Cremer, D. D. (2005). Procedurel and distributive justice effects moderateed by organizational indentification. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 20(1), 4-13. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940510571603
• Cropanzano, R. C., & Greenberg, J. (1997), Progress in organizational justice: Tunneling through the maze. International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 12, 317-372.
• Çavuşoğlu, S., & Köse, S. (2016). Örgüt kültürünün örgütsel sessizlik davranışına etkisi. Dokuz Eylül Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 18(1), 115-146. https://doi.org/10.16953/deusbed.46003
• Denison, R. D. (1990). Corporate culture and effectiveness. John Wiley.
• Deshpande, R., & Webster, F. E. (1989). Organizational culture and marketing: Defining the research agenda. Journal of Marketing, 53(1), 3-15. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224298905300102
• Dyne, L. V., Ang, S., & Botero, I. C. (2003). Conceptualizing employee silence and employee voice as multidimensional constructs. Journal of Management Studies, 40(6), 1359-1392. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00384
• Efe. D. (2018). Algılanan örgütsel adalet ile örgütsel sessizlik ve seslilik arasındaki ilişki üzerine bir araştırma. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
• Ellis, J. B. & Dyne, L. V. (2009). Voice and silence as observers’ reactions to defensive voice: prediction based on communication competence theory, (Ed. Greenberg ve M. S. Edwards). Voice and Silence in Organizations.
• Folger, R., & Konovsky, M. A. (1989). Effects of procedural and distributive justice on reactions to pay raise decisions. The Academy of Management Journal, 32(1), 115-130. https://doi.org/10.5465/256422
• Folger, R. & Cropanzano, R. (1998). Organizational justice and human resource management. Sage Publications Inc.
• Garner, J. T. & Garner, L. T. (2011). Volunteering an opinion: organizational voice and volunteer retention in nonprofit organizations, nonprofit and voluntary sector. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 40(5), 813-828. https://doi.org/10.1177/0899764010366181
• Greenberg, J. (1990). Organizational justice: Yesterday, today, and tomorrow. Journal of Management, 16(2), 399-432. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639001600208
• Güneş, A. (2019). Öğretmenlerin örgütsel adalet algıları, örgütsel sessizlik düzeyleri ve örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışları arasındaki ilişki (Pendik ilçesi örneği). Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi.
• Greenberg, J. (1987). A taxonomy of organizational justice theories. The Academy of Management Review, 12(1), 9-22. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1987.4306437
• Hagberg, R., & Heifetz, J. (1997). Corporate culture: telling the CEO the baby is ugly. Hagberg Consulting Group, San Mateo, CA, available at: www. hcgnet. com/research. asp.
• Hofstede, G., Hofstede, G. J. & Minkov, M. (2010). Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind. Berkshire. McGraw-Hill.
• Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture’s consequences: International differences in work related values. Sage Publishing.
• Hogan, S. J., & Coote, L. V. (2014). Organizational culture, innovation and performance: A test of schein's model. Journal of Business Research, 67(8), 1609-1621. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2013.09.007
• Huang, X., Van de Vliert, E., & Van der Vegt, G. (2005). Breaking the silence culture: stimulation of participation and employee opinion withholding cross-nationally. Management and Organization Review, 1(3), 459-482. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8784.2005.00023.x
• Lee, A. J. (2007). Organizational justice: A mediated model from ındividual well- being and social exchange theory perspectives. Doktora Tezi, Touro University International.
• Lee, C., Pillutla, M., & Law, K. S. (2000). Power-distance, gender and organizational justice. Journal of Management, 26(4), 685-704. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920630002600405
• Lepine, J. & Van Dyne, L., (2001). Voice and cooperative behavior as contrasting forms of contextual performance: evidence of differential relationship with big five personality characteristics and cognitive ability. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(2), 326-336. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.86.2.326
• Lund, D. B. (2003). Organizational culture and job satisfaction. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 18(3), 219–236.
• Mirkamali, S. M., Poorkarimi, J., & Karami, M. (2017). A study of mediating role of organizational justice in the relationship between university managers' ethical leadership style and employees' organizational silence. Quarterly Journal of Research and Planning in Higher Education, 23(1), 1-25.
• Morrison, E. W., & Milliken, F. J. (2000). Organizational silence: A barrier to change and development in a pluralistic world. The Academy of Management Review, 25(4), 706-725. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2000.3707697
• Mcgowan, R. A. (2003). Organizational discourses: sounds of silence, silence and voice in organizational life stream. 3. International Critical Management Studies Conference Lancaster University, 1-6.
• Moorman, R. (1991). Relationship between organizational justice and organizational citizenship behaviors: Do fairness perceptions ınfluence employee citizenship? Journal of Applied Psychology, 76(6), 845-855. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.76.6.845
• Ng, T. W. H. & Feldman, D. C. (2012). Employee voice behavior: a meta analytic test of the conservation of resources framework. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 33, 216–234. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.754
• O'Leary-Kelly, A. M., Griffin, R. W., & Glew, D. J. (1996). Organizasyon güdümlü saldırganlık: Bir araştırma çerçevesi. Yönetim İncelemesi Akademisi, 21(1), 225-253.
• Radmard, S. G. & Ardakani, M. A. (2014). Effect of Organizational culture on organizational silence: the mediating role of organizational commitment. International Journal of Management and Humanity Sciences, 3(10), 3306-3313.
• Raub, S. & Robert, C. (2012). Empowerment, organizational commitment, and voice behavior in the hospitality ındustry: evidence from a multinational sample. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 54(2), 136- 148. https://doi.org/10.1177/1938965512457240
• Schilpzand, M. C., Martins, L. L., Kirkman, B. L., Lowe, K. B., & Chen, Z. X. (2013). Örgütsel adalet ve örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı ilişkisi: kültürel değer yönelimlerinin rolü. Yönetim ve Organizasyon İncelemesi, 9(2), 345-374. https://doi.org/10.1111/more.12014
• Sharoni, G., Tziner, A., Fein, E. C., Shultz, T., Shaul, K., & Zilberman, L. (2012). Organizational citizenship behavior and turnover intentions: Do organizational culture and justice moderate their relationship? Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 42, E267-E294. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2012.01015.x
• Scott-Fındlay, S., & Carole, A. E. (2006). Mapping the organizational culture research in nursing: A literature review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 56(5), 498–513 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365- 2648.2006.04044.x
• Yalçınsoy, A. (2019). Örgüt kültürü ve örgüt ikliminin örgütsel sessizlik üzerindeki etkisinin analizi. Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7(2), 67-77. https://doi.org/10.18506/anemon.425635