Araştırma Makalesi
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Türkiye’de Yenilenebilir Enerji ve Sağlık: Eşbütünleşme ve Nedensellik Analizi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 36 Sayı: 1, 138 - 156, 21.03.2022
https://doi.org/10.48070/erciyesakademi.1039755

Öz

Sürdürülebilir büyümede stratejik öneme sahip olan yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları aynı zamanda sağlık kalitesinin önemli bir belirleyicisidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı 1988-2018 dönemi için Türkiye’de yenilenebilir enerjinin sağlık üzerindeki etkisi zaman serisi teknikleri ile araştırmaktır. Çalışmanın uygulama kısmında; serilerin birim kök özellikleri Ng-Perron ve Vogelsang-Perron birim kök testleri ile, eşbütünleşme ilişkisi ARDL ve Hatemi-J testleri ile, uzun dönem tahminleri de FMOLS, DOLS ve CCR testleri ile ve son olarak nedensellik ilişkisi VECM Granger nedensellik testi ile araştırılmaktadır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre değişkenler arasında bir uzun dönem ilişkisi mevcuttur. Uzun dönemde yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi sağlık kalitesini iyileştirirken ekonomik büyüme, işsizlik ve finansal gelişme bozmaktadır. Bu bulgular yenilenebilir enerji tüketiminin sağlık kalitesi üzerinde pozitif bir etkiye sahip olması anlamında önem arz etmektedir. Çalışma değişkenler arasında önemli nedensellik ilişkileri sunmaktadır. Çalışmanın sonuç kısmında Türkiye ekonomisi için önemli politika önerileri sunulmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Alam, M. S., Shahbaz, M., & Paramati, S. R. (2016). The role of financial development and economic misery on life expectancy: Evidence from post financial reforms in India. Social Indicators Research, 128(2), 481–497. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-015-1040-4
  • Allison, I., Alley, R. B., Fricker, H. A., Thomas, R. H., & Warner, R. C. (2009). Ice sheet mass balance and sea level. Antarctic Science, 21(5), 413-426.
  • Apergis, N., Ben Jebli, M., & Ben Youssef, S. (2018). Does renewable energy consumption and health expenditures decrease carbon dioxide emissions? Evidence for sub-Saharan Africa countries. Renewable Energy, 127, 1011–1016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2018.05.043
  • Apergis, N., & Salim, R. (2015). Renewable energy consumption and unemployment: Evidence from a sample of 80 countries and nonlinear estimates. Applied Economics, 47(52), 5614–5633. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2015.1054071
  • Bobak, M., Pikhart, H., Rose, R., Hertzman, C., & Marmot, M. (2000). Socioeconomic factors, material inequalities, and perceived control in self-rated health: cross-sectional data from seven post- communist countries. Social Science & Medicine, 51(9), 1343-1350.
  • Caruso, G., Colantonio, E., & Gattone, S. A. (2020). Relationships between renewable energy consumption, social factors, and health: A panel vector auto regression analysis of a cluster of 12 EU countries. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(7), 2915. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12072915
  • Chen, H., Hao, Y., Li, J., & Song, X. (2018). The impact of environmental regulation, shadow economy, and corruption on environmental quality: Theory and empirical evidence from China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 195, 200–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.05.206
  • Costello, A., Abbas, M., Allen, A., Ball, S., Bell, S., Bellamy, R., Friel, S., Groce, N., Johnson, A., Kett, M., Lee, M., Levy, C., Maslin, M., McCoy, D., McGuire, B., Montgomery, H., Napier, D., Pagel, C., Patel, J., … Patterson, C. (2009). Managing the health effects of climate change. The Lancet, 373(9676), 1693–1733. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60935-1
  • Dell, M., Benjamin F. J., & Benjamin A. O. (2012). Temperature shocks and economic growth: Evidence from the last half century. American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, 4(3), 66-95. https://doi.org/ 10.1257/mac.4.3.66
  • Engle, R.F. & Granger, C.W.J. (1987). Co-integration and error correction: Representation, estimation, and testing. Econometrica, 55, 251-276.
  • Grossman, G. M., & Krueger, A. B. (1991). Environmental impacts of a North American free trade agreement. National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series, No. 3914, 1–57. https://doi.org/10.3386/w3914
  • Hansen, J. E. (2007). Scientific reticence and sea level rise. Environmental Research Letters, 2, 024002.
  • Hatemi-J, A. (2008). Tests for cointegration with two unknown regime shifts with an application to financial market integration. Empirical Economics, 35, 497–505. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00181-007- 0175-9
  • Jorgenson, A. K., Alekseyko, A., & Giedraitis, V. (2014). Energy consumption, human well-being and economic development in central and eastern European nations: A cautionary tale of sustainability. Energy Policy, 66, 419–427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2013.11.020
  • Koseoglu, A., Yucel, A. G., & Ulucak, R. (2022). Green innovation and ecological footprint relationship for a sustainable development: Evidence from top 20 green innovator countries. Sustainable Development. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.2294
  • Masih, A. M. M., & Masih, R. (1998). A multivariate cointegrated modelling approach in testing temporal causality between energy consumption, real income and prices -with an application to two Asian LDCs. Applied Economics, 30(10), 1287–1298. https://doi.org/10.1080/000368498324904
  • Ng, S. & Perron, P. (2001). Lag length selection and the construction of unit root tests with good size and power. Econometrica, 69(6), 1519-1554.
  • Park, J.Y. (1992). Canonical cointegrating regressions. Econometrica, 60(1), 119-143.
  • Pekar, Ç. (2019). Turkey’s renewable energy prospects toward the 100th anniversary of the Republic. Içinde D. Kurochkin, E. V. Shabliy, & E. Shittu (Ed.), Renewable energy: International perspectives on sustainability (ss. 181–210). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14207-0_7
  • Phillips, P.C.B. & Hansen, B.E. (1990). Statistical inference in instrumental variables regression with I(1) processes. The Review of Economic Studies, 57(1), 99-125.
  • Pesaran M.H., Shin, Y. & Smith, R.J. (2001). Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16, 289-326.
  • Salim, R., Hassan, K., & Shafiei, S. (2014). Renewable and non-renewable energy consumption and economic activities: Further evidence from OECD countries. Energy Economics, 44, 350–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2014.05.001
  • Salim, R., Rafiq, S., & Hassan, K. (2008). Causality and dynamics of energy consumption and output: Evidence from non-OECD Asian countries. Journal of Economic Development, 33(2), 1–26.
  • Shafik, N., & Bandyopadhyay, S. (1992). Economic growth and environmental quality: time-series and cross-country evidence (Vol. 904). Worldbank Publication.
  • Stern, J. (2006), Evaluating infrastructure regulators developing UK and international practice, Centre for the study of Regulated Industries (CRI), London
  • Stock, J.H. & Watson, M.W. (1993). A simple estimator for cointegrating vectors in higher order integrated systems. Econometrica, 4, 783-820. https://doi.org/10.2307/2951763
  • Sun, Y., Ding, W., Yang, Z., Yang, G., & Du, J. (2020). Measuring China’s regional inclusive green growth. Science of the Total Environment, 713, 136367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136367
  • Todaro, P. M., & Smith, C. S. (2020). Economic development (13th edition). Pearson.
  • Torras, M., & Boyce, J. K. (1998). Income, inequality, and pollution: A reassessment of the environmental Kuznets curve. Ecological Economics, 25(2), 147–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921- 8009(97)00177-8
  • Treyer, K., Bauer, C., & Simons, A. (2014). Human health impacts in the life cycle of future European electricity generation. Energy Policy, 74, S31-S44.
  • Tugcu, C. T., Ozturk, I., & Aslan, A. (2012). Renewable and non-renewable energy consumption and economic growth relationship revisited: Evidence from G7 countries. Energy Economics, 34(6), 1942– 1950. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2012.08.021
  • T.C. Cumhurbaşkanlığı Strateji ve Bütçe Başkanlığı. (2019). On birinci kalkınma planı 2019-2023.
  • T.C. Cumhurbaşkanlığı Strateji ve Bütçe Başkanlığı. (2020). 2021 yılı Cumhurbaşkanlığı yıllık programı.
  • Ulucak, Z. S., & Yucel, A. G. (2021). Can renewable energy be used as an effective tool in the decarbonization of the Mediterranean region: fresh evidence under cross-sectional dependence. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28, 52082–52092. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-14350-2
  • Vasylieva, T., Lyulyov, O., Bilan, Y., & Streimikiene, D. (2019). Sustainable economic development and greenhouse gas emissions: The dynamic impact of renewable energy consumption, GDP, and corruption. Energies, 12(17), 3289.
  • Vogelsang, T. J. & Perron, P. (1998). Additional tests for a unit root allowing for a break in the trend at an unknown time, International Economic Review, 39, 1073-1100.
  • Wang, Y., Zhang, D., Ji, Q., & Shi, X. (2020). Regional renewable energy development in China: A multidimensional assessment. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 124, 109797. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.109797
  • WHO. (2011). Health in the green economy: transport sector. health co-benefits of climate change mitigation- – Transport sector. Geneva, Switzerland.

The Relationship between Renewable Energy and Health in Turkey: Cointegration and Causality Analysis

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 36 Sayı: 1, 138 - 156, 21.03.2022
https://doi.org/10.48070/erciyesakademi.1039755

Öz

Renewable energy sources, which have strategic importance for sustainable growth, are also an important determinant of health quality. In this study, the impact of renewable energy consumption on health quality has been investigated by time series techniques for the period 1988-2018 in case of Turkey. In the empirical part of the study, the unit root properties of the series are investigated using Ng-Perron and Vogelsang-Perron unit root tests, the cointegration relationship with ARDL and Hatemi-J tests, the long run estimates with FMOLS, DOLS and CCR tests, and finally the causality relationship with VECM Granger causality test. According to the results of the research, there is a long-term relationship between the variables. In the long run, economic growth, unemployment and financial development damage health quality while renewable energy consumption improves health quality. The results of the research are important in terms of revealing that renewable energy consumption can have a positive effect on health quality. The study provides important causal linkages between the variables. The study also provides important policy suggestions for Turkish economy.  

Kaynakça

  • Alam, M. S., Shahbaz, M., & Paramati, S. R. (2016). The role of financial development and economic misery on life expectancy: Evidence from post financial reforms in India. Social Indicators Research, 128(2), 481–497. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-015-1040-4
  • Allison, I., Alley, R. B., Fricker, H. A., Thomas, R. H., & Warner, R. C. (2009). Ice sheet mass balance and sea level. Antarctic Science, 21(5), 413-426.
  • Apergis, N., Ben Jebli, M., & Ben Youssef, S. (2018). Does renewable energy consumption and health expenditures decrease carbon dioxide emissions? Evidence for sub-Saharan Africa countries. Renewable Energy, 127, 1011–1016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2018.05.043
  • Apergis, N., & Salim, R. (2015). Renewable energy consumption and unemployment: Evidence from a sample of 80 countries and nonlinear estimates. Applied Economics, 47(52), 5614–5633. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2015.1054071
  • Bobak, M., Pikhart, H., Rose, R., Hertzman, C., & Marmot, M. (2000). Socioeconomic factors, material inequalities, and perceived control in self-rated health: cross-sectional data from seven post- communist countries. Social Science & Medicine, 51(9), 1343-1350.
  • Caruso, G., Colantonio, E., & Gattone, S. A. (2020). Relationships between renewable energy consumption, social factors, and health: A panel vector auto regression analysis of a cluster of 12 EU countries. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(7), 2915. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12072915
  • Chen, H., Hao, Y., Li, J., & Song, X. (2018). The impact of environmental regulation, shadow economy, and corruption on environmental quality: Theory and empirical evidence from China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 195, 200–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.05.206
  • Costello, A., Abbas, M., Allen, A., Ball, S., Bell, S., Bellamy, R., Friel, S., Groce, N., Johnson, A., Kett, M., Lee, M., Levy, C., Maslin, M., McCoy, D., McGuire, B., Montgomery, H., Napier, D., Pagel, C., Patel, J., … Patterson, C. (2009). Managing the health effects of climate change. The Lancet, 373(9676), 1693–1733. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60935-1
  • Dell, M., Benjamin F. J., & Benjamin A. O. (2012). Temperature shocks and economic growth: Evidence from the last half century. American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, 4(3), 66-95. https://doi.org/ 10.1257/mac.4.3.66
  • Engle, R.F. & Granger, C.W.J. (1987). Co-integration and error correction: Representation, estimation, and testing. Econometrica, 55, 251-276.
  • Grossman, G. M., & Krueger, A. B. (1991). Environmental impacts of a North American free trade agreement. National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series, No. 3914, 1–57. https://doi.org/10.3386/w3914
  • Hansen, J. E. (2007). Scientific reticence and sea level rise. Environmental Research Letters, 2, 024002.
  • Hatemi-J, A. (2008). Tests for cointegration with two unknown regime shifts with an application to financial market integration. Empirical Economics, 35, 497–505. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00181-007- 0175-9
  • Jorgenson, A. K., Alekseyko, A., & Giedraitis, V. (2014). Energy consumption, human well-being and economic development in central and eastern European nations: A cautionary tale of sustainability. Energy Policy, 66, 419–427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2013.11.020
  • Koseoglu, A., Yucel, A. G., & Ulucak, R. (2022). Green innovation and ecological footprint relationship for a sustainable development: Evidence from top 20 green innovator countries. Sustainable Development. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.2294
  • Masih, A. M. M., & Masih, R. (1998). A multivariate cointegrated modelling approach in testing temporal causality between energy consumption, real income and prices -with an application to two Asian LDCs. Applied Economics, 30(10), 1287–1298. https://doi.org/10.1080/000368498324904
  • Ng, S. & Perron, P. (2001). Lag length selection and the construction of unit root tests with good size and power. Econometrica, 69(6), 1519-1554.
  • Park, J.Y. (1992). Canonical cointegrating regressions. Econometrica, 60(1), 119-143.
  • Pekar, Ç. (2019). Turkey’s renewable energy prospects toward the 100th anniversary of the Republic. Içinde D. Kurochkin, E. V. Shabliy, & E. Shittu (Ed.), Renewable energy: International perspectives on sustainability (ss. 181–210). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14207-0_7
  • Phillips, P.C.B. & Hansen, B.E. (1990). Statistical inference in instrumental variables regression with I(1) processes. The Review of Economic Studies, 57(1), 99-125.
  • Pesaran M.H., Shin, Y. & Smith, R.J. (2001). Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16, 289-326.
  • Salim, R., Hassan, K., & Shafiei, S. (2014). Renewable and non-renewable energy consumption and economic activities: Further evidence from OECD countries. Energy Economics, 44, 350–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2014.05.001
  • Salim, R., Rafiq, S., & Hassan, K. (2008). Causality and dynamics of energy consumption and output: Evidence from non-OECD Asian countries. Journal of Economic Development, 33(2), 1–26.
  • Shafik, N., & Bandyopadhyay, S. (1992). Economic growth and environmental quality: time-series and cross-country evidence (Vol. 904). Worldbank Publication.
  • Stern, J. (2006), Evaluating infrastructure regulators developing UK and international practice, Centre for the study of Regulated Industries (CRI), London
  • Stock, J.H. & Watson, M.W. (1993). A simple estimator for cointegrating vectors in higher order integrated systems. Econometrica, 4, 783-820. https://doi.org/10.2307/2951763
  • Sun, Y., Ding, W., Yang, Z., Yang, G., & Du, J. (2020). Measuring China’s regional inclusive green growth. Science of the Total Environment, 713, 136367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136367
  • Todaro, P. M., & Smith, C. S. (2020). Economic development (13th edition). Pearson.
  • Torras, M., & Boyce, J. K. (1998). Income, inequality, and pollution: A reassessment of the environmental Kuznets curve. Ecological Economics, 25(2), 147–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921- 8009(97)00177-8
  • Treyer, K., Bauer, C., & Simons, A. (2014). Human health impacts in the life cycle of future European electricity generation. Energy Policy, 74, S31-S44.
  • Tugcu, C. T., Ozturk, I., & Aslan, A. (2012). Renewable and non-renewable energy consumption and economic growth relationship revisited: Evidence from G7 countries. Energy Economics, 34(6), 1942– 1950. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2012.08.021
  • T.C. Cumhurbaşkanlığı Strateji ve Bütçe Başkanlığı. (2019). On birinci kalkınma planı 2019-2023.
  • T.C. Cumhurbaşkanlığı Strateji ve Bütçe Başkanlığı. (2020). 2021 yılı Cumhurbaşkanlığı yıllık programı.
  • Ulucak, Z. S., & Yucel, A. G. (2021). Can renewable energy be used as an effective tool in the decarbonization of the Mediterranean region: fresh evidence under cross-sectional dependence. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28, 52082–52092. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-14350-2
  • Vasylieva, T., Lyulyov, O., Bilan, Y., & Streimikiene, D. (2019). Sustainable economic development and greenhouse gas emissions: The dynamic impact of renewable energy consumption, GDP, and corruption. Energies, 12(17), 3289.
  • Vogelsang, T. J. & Perron, P. (1998). Additional tests for a unit root allowing for a break in the trend at an unknown time, International Economic Review, 39, 1073-1100.
  • Wang, Y., Zhang, D., Ji, Q., & Shi, X. (2020). Regional renewable energy development in China: A multidimensional assessment. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 124, 109797. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.109797
  • WHO. (2011). Health in the green economy: transport sector. health co-benefits of climate change mitigation- – Transport sector. Geneva, Switzerland.
Toplam 38 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Eyyup Ecevit 0000-0002-2417-4043

Murat Çetin 0000-0002-7886-4162

Ali Gökhan Yücel 0000-0001-7509-7693

Yayımlanma Tarihi 21 Mart 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 22 Aralık 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 36 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Ecevit, E., Çetin, M., & Yücel, A. G. (2022). Türkiye’de Yenilenebilir Enerji ve Sağlık: Eşbütünleşme ve Nedensellik Analizi. Erciyes Akademi, 36(1), 138-156. https://doi.org/10.48070/erciyesakademi.1039755

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