AVOIDING THE WORLD IN BEHALF OF RELIGION: THE CASE OF RECLUS(E) IN MEDIEVAL FRANCE

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 36 Sayı: 4, 1902 - 1925, 30.12.2022

Ramazan Adıbelli

https://doi.org/10.48070/erciyesakademi.1191407

Öz

The search of reclusion, which emerged in the early stages of Christian history, later turned into a communal experience. Secular people also wanted to live this experience of monks trying to get closer to God by isolating themselves from the world and spending all their time in worship and contemplation. In this study, some basic features of the reclus(e) phenomenon, which has spread all over Europe, have been tried to be emphasized, based on the example of France. The experience of asceticism, which was first an individual experience and later became a collective one, has been so to say democratized by opening the access of many women and men from the secular segment of society since the 11th century, while it was under the privilege of the monks. As the seclusions, which survived with the support of the public, passed under the responsibility of the municipalities, the phenomenon of reclus(e) turned from an individual experience into an institution that contributes to public interest. Among the main duties of the municipal reclus(es) were to pray for "all Christians" and "inhabitants of the city". As a result, on the basis of the phenomenon of reclus(e), there is the idea that man has undergone a transformation and attained a privileged position by approaching God. While the reclus(e) aims for his ultimate salvation, thanks to his special love-based relationship with God, which is at the core of mystical thought, the people and organizations that support him have aimed to ensure both their own salvation and the welfare of the society thanks to his intercession.

Anahtar Kelimeler

History of Religions, Christianity, Reclus(e), Eremitism, France

DİN ADINA DÜNYADAN VAZGEÇMEK: ORTA ÇAĞ FRANSA’SINDA RECLUS(E) OLGUSU

Öz

Hristiyanlığın erken dönemlerinde ortaya çıkan münzevilik anlayışı ilerleyen safhada komünal bir tecrübeye dönüşmüştür. Kendilerini dünyadan tecrit ederek bütün zamanlarını ibadet ve tefekkürle geçirerek Tanrı’ya yaklaşmaya çalışan keşişlerin bu tecrübesini laik kesimden insanlar da yaşamak istemişlerdir. Bu çalışmada, Fransa örneğinden hareketle Avrupa’nın her tarafına yayılmış olan reclus(e) olgusunun bazı temel özellikleri ele alınmıştır. Önceleri bireysel bir tecrübe olup daha sonra kolektifleşen münzevilik tecrübesi, keşişlerin imtiyazındayken 11. yüzyıldan itibaren laik kesimden çok sayıda kadın ve erkeğin erişimine açılarak adeta demokratikleştirilmiştir. Halkın desteğiyle ayakta kalan inzivahaneler belediyelerin uhdesine geçtikçe reclus(e) olgusu bireysel bir tecrübeden kamusal maslahata katkıda bulunan bir kuruma dönüşmüştür. Belediye reclus(e)lerinin temel görevleri arasında “bütün Hristiyanlar” ve “şehir sakinleri” için dua etmek vardı. Sonuç itibariyle reclus(e) olgusunun temelinde insanın Tanrı’ya yaklaşmakla bir dönüşüm geçirdiği ve imtiyazlı konuma geldiği düşüncesi yer almaktadır. Mistik düşüncenin özünde yer alan Tanrı ile aşka dayalı özel ilişkisi sayesinde münzevi kendi nihai kurtuluşunu hedeflerken ona destek olan kişi ve kuruluşlar da onun tavassutuyla hem kendi kurtuluşlarını hem de toplumun selametini temin etmeyi amaçlamışlardır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dinler Tarihi, Hristiyanlık, Reclus(e), Münzevilik, Fransa

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