THE EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS ON COMPETITIVENESS

Yıl 2024, Sayı: 68, 49 - 56, 31.08.2024

Figen Tombak , Hayriye Atik

https://doi.org/10.18070/erciyesiibd.1386476

Öz

Recently, countries with pollution-intensive companies have been excluded from foreign trade and cannot even sell their products to their domestic markets. Therefore, it becomes an inherent necessity for them to reduce the negative environmental externalities they create. In order to internalize negative externalities, they have to develop environmental regulations. Thus, companies face the problem of imposing additional costs. Companies that fear that their competitiveness will decrease do not want to bear additional costs with environmental regulations. In today's world, where having a competitive economy is important, the impact of environmental regulations on competitiveness is gaining importance. In this context, the main goal of the study is to investigate the impact of environmental regulations on competitiveness.
Panel-difference GMM, a dynamic panel data method, was used in the empirical analysis of the study. Due to limited access to data, the study covers the years 1995-2012. In the study, total factor productivity was used to represent competitiveness. According to the findings; It has been revealed that the increase in environmental policies is negatively related to total factor productivity. Therefore, the Strong Porter Hypothesis could not be confirmed. Thus, it has been determined that the increase in environmental regulation stringencies will negatively affect the economic growth of countries by weakening their competitiveness. Apart from this, it has been determined that the share of renewable energy consumption in total energy consumption is negatively related to total factor productivity. Thus, it is revealed that environmental quality reduces competitiveness.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Environmental Quality, Environmental Regulations, Panel-GMM Difference, Strong Porter Hypothesis

ÇEVRE KALİTESİ VE ÇEVRESEL DÜZENLEMELERİN REKABET GÜCÜ ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ

Öz

Son dönemde, kirlilik yoğun firmalara sahip olan ülkeler dış ticaretten dışlanabilmekte, hatta ürünlerini iç pazarlarına bile satamamaktadırlar. Bundan dolayı, yarattıkları negatif çevresel dışsallıkları azaltmaları onlar için içsel bir zorunluluk olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Negatif dışsallıkları içselleştirmek için ise çevresel düzenlemeler geliştirmek zorundadırlar. Böylece firmalara ilave maliyetlerin yüklenmesi sorunu ile karşı karşıya kalmaktadırlar. Rekabet güçlerinin düşeceğinden korkan firmalar çevresel düzenlemeler ile ilave maliyetlere katlanmak istememektedirler. Rekabetçi bir ekonomiye sahip olmanın önemli olduğu günümüz dünyasında çevresel düzenlemelerin de rekabet gücüne etkisi önem kazanmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, çalışmanın temel hedefi, çevresel düzenlemelerin rekabet gücüne etkisini araştırmaktır.
Çalışmanın, ampirik analizinde dinamik panel veri yöntemi olan Panel-fark GMM kullanılmıştır. Verilere erişim kısıtı nedeni ile çalışma 1995-2012 yıllarını kapsamaktadır. Çalışmada rekabet gücünü temsilen toplam faktör verimliliği kullanılmıştır. Bulgulara göre; çevre politikalarındaki artışın toplam faktör verimliliği ile negatif ilişkili olduğu ortaya konulmuştur. Bundan dolayı, Güçlü Porter Hipotezi doğrulanamamıştır. Böylece, çevresel düzenleme katılıklarındaki artışın, ülkelerin rekabet güçlerini zayıflatarak ekonomik büyümelerini de negatif etkileyeceği belirlenmiştir. Bunun dışında, yenilenebilir enerji tüketiminin toplam enerji tüketimi içindeki payının ise toplam faktör verimliliği ile yine negatif ilişkili olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Böylece çevre kalitesinin rekabet gücünü azalttığı ortaya konulmuş olmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çevre Kalitesi, Çevresel Düzenlemeler, Panel-fark GMM, Güçlü Porter Hipotezi

Destekleyen Kurum

Erciyes Üniversitesi Bap Proje Koordinatörlüğü

Teşekkür

Bu tezi desteklediği için Erciyes Üniversitesi Bap Proje Birim Koordinatörlüğüne Teşekkür Ederiz.

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