Araştırma Makalesi
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On the Edge of Sovereign Discourse: A Study on Journalism and Journalists on YouTube as an Alternative Platform

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 727 - 748, 24.07.2020
https://doi.org/10.17680/erciyesiletisim.684979

Öz

The media is one of the many institutions where strong powers started a war against it. Controlling and keeping the media under control is to narrow the living spaces of the contrary or marginal discourses. For this reason, media institutions are under the control of governments, or they are tried to be controlled. In the world and in Turkey, it is possible to take a photo of it in terms of media history. Until the development of the internet and social networks, the only condition for journalists to exist was to be in one of the mainstream media organizations. However, this is not the case today. Social internet networks may have created new addictions or controversies of different dimensions. However, it has also become an area where journalism can be practiced. As a result of evaluating the findings, it can be said that YouTube is becoming a popular medium for producing video news content and delivering it to the target audience. This study has shown that journalists who are not limited to traditional media can continue their journalistic experiences through social media platforms such as YouTube, and reach a specific target audience.

Kaynakça

  • Antony, M. G., & Thomas, R. J. (2010). This is citizen journalism at its finest’: YouTube and the public sphere in the Oscar Grant shooting incident. New Media & Society, 12(8), s. 1280–1296. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444810362492
  • Aslam, S. (2018, January 13). YouTube by the numbers: Stats, demographics & fun facts. Omnicore. https://www.omnicoreagency.com/YouTube-statistics, Erişim Tarihi: 14.01.2020.
  • Atton C and Hamilton J (2008) Alternative Journalism. London: SAGE.
  • Bailey, O., Cammaerts, B., Carpentier, N. (2008). Understanding Alternative Media. London: McGraw-Hill, Open University Press.
  • Başaran, F. (2010). Yeni İletişim Teknolojileri, Alternatif İletişim Olanakları/New Communication Technologies, Possibilities of Alternative Communication. Mülkiye Dergisi, 34(269), 255-270.
  • Bossio, D. (2017). Journalism and Social Media: Practitioners, Organisations and Institutions, London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1991). Language and Symbolic Power. Cambridge: Polity Press. Büyüköztürk, Ş. vd. (2014). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Çakır, R. (2012, 3 Eylül). Anasayfa (Videolar). Erişim adresi: https://www.youtube.com/ channel/UCfeZdjH_RKcQgJCebxUpBSw/featured
  • Çoban, B. (2014). Ötekiler ve Alternatif Medya. Azınlıklar ve Medya, Suat Sungur (ed.). İstanbul: Derin Yayınları.
  • Couldry, N. (2000). The Place Of Media Power: Pilgrims and Witnesses of The Media Age. London: Routledge.
  • Dahlgren, P. (2013). The Political Web: Media, Participation and Alternative Democracy. Berlin: Springer.
  • Değirmenci, İ. (2017, 1 Mart). Anasayfa (Videolar). Erişim adresi: https://www.youtube. com/channel/UCSQoLoVkRKf-UfCPysLk6dg/featured
  • Djerf-Pierre, M., Lindgren, M., & Budinski, M. A. (2019). The role of journalism on YouTube: audience engagement with “Superbug” reporting. Media and Communication, 7(1), 235-247.
  • Galip, H., İ. (2019, 12 Ağustos). Rakamlarla Youtube Platformu. https://hwp.com.tr/ rakamlarla-youtube-platformu-118480, Erişim Tarihi: 10.01.2020.
  • Gözay, S. (2017, 4 Şubat). Anasayfa (Videolar). Erişim adresi: https://www.youtube.com/ channel/UCgzpeV1x1JH44L7UOBKJ5nQ/featured
  • Guadagni, D. (2019, April 1). Top 20 Social Networks by Active Users 2019. https://www. innerarchitect.com/top-20-social-networks-by-active-users-2019/, Erişim Tarihi: 01.12.2020
  • Gültekin, L. (2018, 16 Nisan). Anasayfa (Videolar). Erişim adresi: https://www.youtube. com/channel/UCCi9ZyZfCqCVKieVJptUKlg/featured
  • Hanusch, F., & Bruns, A. (2017). Journalistic Branding on Twitter: A Representative Study Of Australian Journalists’ Profile Descriptions. Digital journalism, 5(1), 26-43. Hartley, J. (2005). Creative identities. In: Hartley J (ed.) Creative Industries. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 106–16.
  • Hedman, U. (2016). When Journalists Tweet: Disclosure, Participatory, and Personal Transparency. Social Media+ Society, 2(1), 2056305115624528.
  • Hutchins, B. & Rowe, D. (2009). From Broadcast Scarcity to Digital Plenitude: The Changing Dynamics of the Media Sports Content Economy. Television and New Media, 10(4), pp. 35470.
  • Jacobs, R.N. (2000). Race, Media, and the Crisis of Civil Society: From Watts to Rodney King. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Kavoori, A. (2015). Making Sense of YouTube. Global Media Journal: American Edition, 13(24), 1–25.
  • Küçükşahin, Ş. (2013, 26 Nisan). Anasayfa (Videolar). Erişim adresi: https://www.youtube. com/channel/UCH8WfQKbNCrmwp3RqOvi_PQ/featured
  • Lewis, S. & Molyneux, L. (2019, January). Social media and journalism: 10 years later, untangling key assumptions. In Proceedings of the 52nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.
  • McQuail, D. (2000). McQuail’s Mass Communication Theory. London: SAGE.
  • Nielsen, R. K., Cornia, A., & Kalogeropoulos, A. (2016). Challenges and Opportunities for News Media and Journalism in An Increasingly Digital, Mobile, And Social Media Environment. Mobile, and Social Media Environment (December 1, 2016).
  • Oğhan, Y. (2015, 4 Ocak). Anasayfa (Videolar). Erişim adresi: https://www.youtube.com/ channel/UCfeePmjEUo0PvQo7xK2yA_g/featured
  • Ospina, E., O. (2019, September18). The Rise of Social Media, https://ourworldindata. org/rise-of-social-media, Erişim Tarihi: 27,01.2020.
  • Özbek, G. (2017, 4 Mayıs). 23derece anasayfa (Videolar). Erişim adresi: https://www. youtube.com/channel/UCv0w8hUQ7MROrzv3yCoDX0A/featured
  • Özdemir, C. (2010, 13 Aralık). Anasayfa (Videolar). Erişim adresi: https://www.youtube. com/user/dipnottv/featured
  • Paulussen, S. vd. (2007). Doing It Together: Citizen Participation in The Professional News Making Process. Observatorio (OBS*) Journal, 3, s.136-137.
  • Peer, L. & Ksiazek, T. B. (2011). YouTube and The Challenge To Journalism: New Standards For News Videos Online. Journalism studies, 12(1), 45-63.
  • Rieder, B., Matamoros-Fernandez, A., & Coromina, O. (2018). From Ranking Algorithms To ‘Ranking Cultures’. Investigating the modulation of visibility in YouTube search results. Convergence, 24(1), 50–68. doi:10.1177/1354856517736982
  • Schiavenza, M. (2015, February 14). How YouTube Changed Journalism. https:// www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/02/how-YouTube-changedjournalism/ 385523/, Erişim Tarihi: 29.01.2020.
  • Snickars, P. & Vonderau, P. (2009). The YouTube Reader. Stockholm: National Library of Sweden.
  • Soukup, P. A. (2014). Looking at, with, and Through YouTube. Communication Research Trends, 33(3), 3-34.
  • Sumiala, J. M. & Tikka, M. (2013). Broadcast Yourself Global-News! A Netnography Of The “Flotilla” News on YouTube. Communication, Culture & Critique, 6(2), 318–335. doi:10.1111/cccr.12008
  • Taylan, A. (2012). Alternatif Medya ve Bianet Örneği: Türkiye’de Alternatif Medyaya Dair Etnografik Çalışma, Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü (Doctoral dissertation, Doktora Tezi, Ankara).
  • Ünlü, Ü. (2014, 4 Mart). Anasayfa (Videolar). Erişim adresi: https://www.youtube.com/ channel/UCzJMy0X4vYivbZHkNccpPhQ/featured
  • Yüncüler, Z. (2018, 26 Şubat). YouTube’da Gazetecilik: Abone, Reklam, Sponsor Ekseninde Özgürlük. https://journo.com.tr/YouTube-gazetecilik-abone-reklam-sponsorozgurluk, Erişim Tarihi: 28.01.2020.

Egemen Söylemin Kıyısındakiler: Alternatif Bir Platform Olarak YouTube’da Gazetecilik ve Gazeteciler Üzerine Bir İnceleme

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 727 - 748, 24.07.2020
https://doi.org/10.17680/erciyesiletisim.684979

Öz

Medya her döneminde politik olmuştur. Çünkü ortaya koyduğu ürünlerin dili ve söylemi politiktir. Bunun bir diğer nedeni medya söylemleri, iktidar sahiplerinin ya istemedikleri ya da dönüştürmek istedikleri türden söylemlerdir. Bundan olsa gerek güçlü iktidarların karşı savaş başlattıkları pek çok kurumun başında medya gelmektedir. Medyayı denetim altına almak ve öyle tutmak aykırı ya da marjinal söylemlerin yaşam alanlarını daraltmaktadır. İnternetin ve sosyal ağların gelişmesine kadar gazeteciler için var olabilmelerinin yegâne şartı ana akım medya kuruluşlarının birinde bulunmaktı. Ancak bugün sosyal internet ağları farklı boyutlarda yeni bağımlılıklar veya tartışmalı durumlar yarattıkları gibi artık gazetecilik mesleğinin de icra edilebileceği birer alan haline gelmiştir. Bazı gazeteciler alternatif bir alan olarak değerlendirdikleri YouTube platformunda da mesleklerini icra etmeye çalışmaktadır. Bu çalışmada YouTube ortamının yapısı, haberciliğe elverişli olup olmadığı ve burada habercilik mesleğinin devam edip edemeyeceği gibi konular YouTube platformunda habercilik yapmaya çalışan gazeteciler üzerinden incelenmiştir. Bulguların değerlendirilmesi sonucunda söylenebilir ki YouTube görüntülü haberlerin üretilmesi ve hedef kitleye ulaştırılması için popüler bir mecra haline gelmektedir. Bu çalışma göstermiştir ki, geleneksel medya ile sınırlı kalmayan gazeteciler, habercilik deneyimlerine YouTube gibi sosyal medya platformları üzerinden devam edebilmekte ve belirli bir hedef kitleye ulaşabilmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Antony, M. G., & Thomas, R. J. (2010). This is citizen journalism at its finest’: YouTube and the public sphere in the Oscar Grant shooting incident. New Media & Society, 12(8), s. 1280–1296. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444810362492
  • Aslam, S. (2018, January 13). YouTube by the numbers: Stats, demographics & fun facts. Omnicore. https://www.omnicoreagency.com/YouTube-statistics, Erişim Tarihi: 14.01.2020.
  • Atton C and Hamilton J (2008) Alternative Journalism. London: SAGE.
  • Bailey, O., Cammaerts, B., Carpentier, N. (2008). Understanding Alternative Media. London: McGraw-Hill, Open University Press.
  • Başaran, F. (2010). Yeni İletişim Teknolojileri, Alternatif İletişim Olanakları/New Communication Technologies, Possibilities of Alternative Communication. Mülkiye Dergisi, 34(269), 255-270.
  • Bossio, D. (2017). Journalism and Social Media: Practitioners, Organisations and Institutions, London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1991). Language and Symbolic Power. Cambridge: Polity Press. Büyüköztürk, Ş. vd. (2014). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Çakır, R. (2012, 3 Eylül). Anasayfa (Videolar). Erişim adresi: https://www.youtube.com/ channel/UCfeZdjH_RKcQgJCebxUpBSw/featured
  • Çoban, B. (2014). Ötekiler ve Alternatif Medya. Azınlıklar ve Medya, Suat Sungur (ed.). İstanbul: Derin Yayınları.
  • Couldry, N. (2000). The Place Of Media Power: Pilgrims and Witnesses of The Media Age. London: Routledge.
  • Dahlgren, P. (2013). The Political Web: Media, Participation and Alternative Democracy. Berlin: Springer.
  • Değirmenci, İ. (2017, 1 Mart). Anasayfa (Videolar). Erişim adresi: https://www.youtube. com/channel/UCSQoLoVkRKf-UfCPysLk6dg/featured
  • Djerf-Pierre, M., Lindgren, M., & Budinski, M. A. (2019). The role of journalism on YouTube: audience engagement with “Superbug” reporting. Media and Communication, 7(1), 235-247.
  • Galip, H., İ. (2019, 12 Ağustos). Rakamlarla Youtube Platformu. https://hwp.com.tr/ rakamlarla-youtube-platformu-118480, Erişim Tarihi: 10.01.2020.
  • Gözay, S. (2017, 4 Şubat). Anasayfa (Videolar). Erişim adresi: https://www.youtube.com/ channel/UCgzpeV1x1JH44L7UOBKJ5nQ/featured
  • Guadagni, D. (2019, April 1). Top 20 Social Networks by Active Users 2019. https://www. innerarchitect.com/top-20-social-networks-by-active-users-2019/, Erişim Tarihi: 01.12.2020
  • Gültekin, L. (2018, 16 Nisan). Anasayfa (Videolar). Erişim adresi: https://www.youtube. com/channel/UCCi9ZyZfCqCVKieVJptUKlg/featured
  • Hanusch, F., & Bruns, A. (2017). Journalistic Branding on Twitter: A Representative Study Of Australian Journalists’ Profile Descriptions. Digital journalism, 5(1), 26-43. Hartley, J. (2005). Creative identities. In: Hartley J (ed.) Creative Industries. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 106–16.
  • Hedman, U. (2016). When Journalists Tweet: Disclosure, Participatory, and Personal Transparency. Social Media+ Society, 2(1), 2056305115624528.
  • Hutchins, B. & Rowe, D. (2009). From Broadcast Scarcity to Digital Plenitude: The Changing Dynamics of the Media Sports Content Economy. Television and New Media, 10(4), pp. 35470.
  • Jacobs, R.N. (2000). Race, Media, and the Crisis of Civil Society: From Watts to Rodney King. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Kavoori, A. (2015). Making Sense of YouTube. Global Media Journal: American Edition, 13(24), 1–25.
  • Küçükşahin, Ş. (2013, 26 Nisan). Anasayfa (Videolar). Erişim adresi: https://www.youtube. com/channel/UCH8WfQKbNCrmwp3RqOvi_PQ/featured
  • Lewis, S. & Molyneux, L. (2019, January). Social media and journalism: 10 years later, untangling key assumptions. In Proceedings of the 52nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.
  • McQuail, D. (2000). McQuail’s Mass Communication Theory. London: SAGE.
  • Nielsen, R. K., Cornia, A., & Kalogeropoulos, A. (2016). Challenges and Opportunities for News Media and Journalism in An Increasingly Digital, Mobile, And Social Media Environment. Mobile, and Social Media Environment (December 1, 2016).
  • Oğhan, Y. (2015, 4 Ocak). Anasayfa (Videolar). Erişim adresi: https://www.youtube.com/ channel/UCfeePmjEUo0PvQo7xK2yA_g/featured
  • Ospina, E., O. (2019, September18). The Rise of Social Media, https://ourworldindata. org/rise-of-social-media, Erişim Tarihi: 27,01.2020.
  • Özbek, G. (2017, 4 Mayıs). 23derece anasayfa (Videolar). Erişim adresi: https://www. youtube.com/channel/UCv0w8hUQ7MROrzv3yCoDX0A/featured
  • Özdemir, C. (2010, 13 Aralık). Anasayfa (Videolar). Erişim adresi: https://www.youtube. com/user/dipnottv/featured
  • Paulussen, S. vd. (2007). Doing It Together: Citizen Participation in The Professional News Making Process. Observatorio (OBS*) Journal, 3, s.136-137.
  • Peer, L. & Ksiazek, T. B. (2011). YouTube and The Challenge To Journalism: New Standards For News Videos Online. Journalism studies, 12(1), 45-63.
  • Rieder, B., Matamoros-Fernandez, A., & Coromina, O. (2018). From Ranking Algorithms To ‘Ranking Cultures’. Investigating the modulation of visibility in YouTube search results. Convergence, 24(1), 50–68. doi:10.1177/1354856517736982
  • Schiavenza, M. (2015, February 14). How YouTube Changed Journalism. https:// www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/02/how-YouTube-changedjournalism/ 385523/, Erişim Tarihi: 29.01.2020.
  • Snickars, P. & Vonderau, P. (2009). The YouTube Reader. Stockholm: National Library of Sweden.
  • Soukup, P. A. (2014). Looking at, with, and Through YouTube. Communication Research Trends, 33(3), 3-34.
  • Sumiala, J. M. & Tikka, M. (2013). Broadcast Yourself Global-News! A Netnography Of The “Flotilla” News on YouTube. Communication, Culture & Critique, 6(2), 318–335. doi:10.1111/cccr.12008
  • Taylan, A. (2012). Alternatif Medya ve Bianet Örneği: Türkiye’de Alternatif Medyaya Dair Etnografik Çalışma, Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü (Doctoral dissertation, Doktora Tezi, Ankara).
  • Ünlü, Ü. (2014, 4 Mart). Anasayfa (Videolar). Erişim adresi: https://www.youtube.com/ channel/UCzJMy0X4vYivbZHkNccpPhQ/featured
  • Yüncüler, Z. (2018, 26 Şubat). YouTube’da Gazetecilik: Abone, Reklam, Sponsor Ekseninde Özgürlük. https://journo.com.tr/YouTube-gazetecilik-abone-reklam-sponsorozgurluk, Erişim Tarihi: 28.01.2020.
Toplam 40 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular İletişim ve Medya Çalışmaları
Bölüm Türkçe Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Serkan Bulut 0000-0001-8252-5262

Yayımlanma Tarihi 24 Temmuz 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 5 Şubat 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Bulut, S. (2020). Egemen Söylemin Kıyısındakiler: Alternatif Bir Platform Olarak YouTube’da Gazetecilik ve Gazeteciler Üzerine Bir İnceleme. Erciyes İletişim Dergisi, 7(2), 727-748. https://doi.org/10.17680/erciyesiletisim.684979