MikroRNA’ların Atletik Performansa Etkisi

Öz

Ribonükleik asit (RNA) yapı taşı ribonükleotid olan ve translasyon sürecinden genlerin düzenlenmesine kadar geniş rol aralığı olan moleküldür. Farklı metabolik süreçlerde farklı RNA türleri görev alır. MikroRNA (miRNA)’lar yaklaşık 22 nükleotit uzunluğunda, protein kodlamayan ve gen regülasyonu sırasında transkripsiyon ve translasyonu regüle eden RNA molekülleridir. Bu yüzden dolaşımda bulunan miRNA’lar farklı biyolojik süreçlere etki edebilir. Yapılan çalışmalar ile miRNA’nın egzersiz sırasında etkili olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Bu sebeple egzersiz başta olmak üzere insan fizyolojisi ve hastalık araştırmalarında biyobelirteç olarak kullanılma potansiyeline sahiptirler. Yapılan çalışmalar miRNA seviyesinin egzersize bağlı olarak değiştiğini göstermiştir. Ek olarakta farklı egzersiz tiplerinin miRNA seviyelerine etki ettiği gözlemlenmiştir. Bu derlemede yapılan bazı miRNA ve egzersiz hakkındaki çalışmalar ve bu çalışmaların sonuçlarının özeti sunulmaktadır. Elde edilen bulgular düzenli egzersizlerin farklı miRNA çeşitlerinin seviyesini arttırabileceğini, azaltabileceğini veya önemli olmayan seviyede değiştirebileceğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• miRNA,ci-miRNA,atletik performans,egzersiz.

Effect of MicroRNAs on Athletic Performance

Öz

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is the molecule whose building block is ribonucleotide and has a wide role range from translation process to regulation of genes. Different types of RNA are involved in different metabolic processes. miRNAs are special RNA molecules of about 22 nucleotides in length, which do not encode protein and regulate transcription and translation during gene regulation. Therefore, circulating miRNAs can affect different biological processes. Studies have shown that microRNA (miRNA) is effective during exercise. For this reason, they have the potential to be used as biomarkers in human physiology and disease research, especially in exercise. Studies have shown that the level of miRNA varies depending on exercise. In addition, it has been observed that different exercise types affect miRNA levels. In this review, some studies on miRNA and exercise and the results of these studies are presented. The findings show that regular exercises can increase, decrease, or alter non-significant levels of different types of miRNA.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• miRNA,ci-miRNA,athletic performance,exercise.

Kaynakça

1. Aoi, W., Ichikawa, H., Mune, K., et. al. Muscle-enriched microRNA miR-486 decreases in circulation in response to exercise in young men. Frontiers in Physiology. 2013; 4(80): 1–7.
2. Baggish, A. L., Hale, A., Weiner, R. B., et. al. Dynamic regulation of circulating microRNA during acute exhaustive exercise and sustained aerobic exercise training. The Journal of Physiology. 2011; 16: 3983–3994.
3. Baggish, A. L., Park, J., Min, P., et. al. Rapid upregulation and clearance of distinct circulating microRNAs after prolonged aerobic exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology. 2014; 116(5): 522–531.
4. Boehler, J. F., Hogarth, M. W., Barberio, M. D., et. al. Effect of endurance exercise on microRNAs in myositis skeletal muscle – A randomized controlled study. Plos One. 2017; 12(8): 1–17.
5. Corak, A., Kapıcı, S., Sercan, C., Akkoç, O., Ulucan, K. A pilot study for determination of anxiety related SLC6A4 promoter “S” and “L” alleles in healthy Turkish athletes. Cellular and Molecular Biology. 2017; 63(5), 29- 31.
6. Denham, J., Prestes, P. R. Muscle-Enriched MicroRNAs Isolated from Whole Blood Are Regulated by Exercise and Are Potential Biomarkers of Cardiorespiratory Fitness. Frontiers in Genetics. 2016; 7: 1–8.
7. Duttagupta, R., Jiang, R., Gollub, J., et. al. Impact of Cellular miRNAs on Circulating miRNA Biomarker Signatures. Plos One. 2011; 6(6): 1–14.
8. Gomes, C., Oliveira-Jr, G., Madrid, B., et. al. Circulating miR-1 , miR-133a , and miR-206 levels are increased after a half-marathon run. Biomarkers. 2014; 19(7): 1–5.

9. Hussin, O. H. Effects of Tapering for Competition on MicroRNA and Performance and Physical Skills for Female Handball Players. Journal of Applied Sport Science. 2015; 5(1): 155–162.
10. Mccarthy, J. J. MicroRNA-206: The skeletal muscle-specific myomiR. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 2008; 1779(11): 682–691.
11. Mooren, F. C., Viereck, J., Krüger, K., et. al. Circulating micrornas as potential biomarkers of aerobic exercise capacity. American Journal of Physiology. 2014; 306(4): 557–563.
12. Nielsen, S., Scheele, C., Yfanti, C., et. al. Muscle specific microRNAs are regulated by endurance exercise in human skeletal muscle. The Journal of Physiology. 2010; 20: 4029–4037.
13. Nieman, D. C., Nehlsen-Cannarella, S. L. The Effects of Acute and Chronic Exercise on Immunoglobulins. Sports Medicine. 1991; 11(3): 183–201.
14. Sansoni, V., Perego, S., Vernillo, G., et. al. Effects of repeated sprints training on fracture risk-associated miRNA. Oncotarget. 2018; 9(26): 18029–18040.
15. Sapp, R. M., Shill, D. D., Roth, S. M., et. al. Circulating microRNAs in acute and chronic exercise: more than mere biomarkers. Journal of Applied Physiology. 2017; 122(3): 702–717.
16. Sawada, S., Kon, M., Wada, S., et. al. Profiling of Circulating MicroRNAs after a Bout of Acute Resistance Exercise in Humans. Plos One. 2013; 8(7): 1–8.
17. Tsiloulis, T., Pike, J., Powell, D., et. al. Impact of endurance exercise training on adipocyte microRNA expression in overweight men. The Faseb Journal. 2016; 31(1): 1–12.
18. Uhlemann, M., Möbius-winkler, S., Fikenzer, S., et. al. Circulating microRNA-126 increases after different forms of endurance exercise in healthy adults. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. 2014; 21(4): 484–491.
19. Arica, S., Solgun, H.A., Dengi, A.S.D., Bakmaz, E., Akçay, T., Kapici, S., Sercan, C., Ulucan, K. −174 G/C polymorphism of interleukin 6 gene is not significantly different in Turkish professional short and long distance runners. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy le Grand). 2018; 64(11), 85-87.
20. Wardle, S. L., Bailey, M. E. S., Kilikevicius, A., et. al. Plasma microRNA levels differ between endurance and strength athletes. PLoS ONE. 2015; 10(4): 1–15.
21. Yang, N., MacArthur, D. G., Gulbin, J. P., et. al. ACTN3 genotype is associated with human elite athletic performance. American Journal of Human Genetics. 2003; 73(3): 627–631.
22. Zhou, J., Zheng, Q., Xu, T., et. al. Associations Between Physical Activity-related miRNAs and Metabolic Syndrome. Hormone and Metabolic Research. 2014; 46(3): 201–205.