Suriyeli Mülteciler ve Zenofobi: Cinsiyetin, Eğitimin, Algılan Ekonomik Gelir Düzeyinin ve Yaşın Rolü

Öz

Mevcut araştırmada cinsiyetin, eğitim düzeyinin, algılanan sosyo-ekonomik durumun ve yaşın Türkiye’deki yerel halkın Suriyeli mültecilere yönelik zenofobik tutumları üzerindeki etkisini incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmanın verileri, AFAD mülteci raporları göz önünde bulundurularak yaşları 16 ile 85 arasında olan İstanbul, Hatay, Mardin, Malatya, Batman ve Gaziantep illerinde yaşayan toplam 604 gönüllü bireyden toplanmıştır. Revize Edilmiş Zenofobi Ölçeği veri toplama aracı olarak kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada cinsiyet ile Zenofobi arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek için bağımsız örneklemler için t-testi analizi yapılmıştır. Katılımcıların eğitim düzeyleri, algılanan sosyo-ekonomik durumları ve yaşları ile Suriyeli mültecilere yönelik zenofobik tutumlar arasındaki ilişkileri incelemek için ise tek yönlü varyans (ANOVA) analizleri yapılmıştır. Ayrıca cinsiyet ile eğitim düzeyinin, algılanan sosyo-ekonomik durumun ve yaşın etkileşimlerinin (birbiri ile ilişkilerinin) zenofobi üzerindeki etkisi de farklı çift yönlü ANOVA’larla analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmadan elde edilen bulgular; erkek olmanın, lise ve daha düşük eğitim seviyesine sahip olmanın, düşük sosyo-ekonomik koşullara sahip olmanın ve 46 ve üzeri yaşında olmanın bireylerin Suriyeli mültecilere karşı zenofobik tutumlar sergilemelerinde önemli birer rol oynadıklarını göstermiştir. Son olarak eğitim düzeyi, sosyo-ekonomik durum ve yaş ile zenofobi arasındaki ilişkinin kaynağının bu değişkenlerden geldiği ve cinsiyetlerinden bağımsız olduğu belirlenmiştir. Yani cinsiyet ile bu değişkelerin etkileşimlerinin zenofobi üzerinde etkilerinin anlamlı olmadığı belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• zenofobi
• mülteciler
• yerel halk
• Suriyeliler

Syrian Refugees and Xenophobia: The Role of Gender, Education, Perceived Economic Income, and Age

Abstract

In the present study, it was aimed to examine the effect of gender, education level, perceived socio-economic status and age on the xenophobic attitudes of local people toward Syrian refugees in Turkey. The data, based on AFAD (2018) refugees’ reports, were collected from 604 volunteers aged between 16 and 85 living in six provinces. The Revised Xenophobia Scale was used to collect the data. The relationship between gender and xenophobia was examined by using t-test analysis and the relationship between participants’ education level, perceived socio-economic status and age, and xenophobic attitudes towards Syrian refugees were examined by using one-way variance analysis. Interaction effects of gender and education level, perceived socio-economic status, and age on xenophobia were also analyzed with different two-way ANOVAs. The findings showed that being male, having a high school or lower education level, having low socio-economic conditions, and being 46 and over aged increase the xenophobic attitudes of individuals towards Syrian refugees. Finally, it was determined that the source of the relationship between education level, socio-economic status, age and xenophobia came from these variables and was independent of their gender. In other words, the interactions effects of gender and of these variables on xenophobia were not significant.

Keywords

• xenophobia
• refugees
• local people
• Syrians

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