A Review On Cooperative Learning Method: 1. II. The Application In Classroom Of Cooperative Learning Method

Abstract

 

The new approaches teaching, the teacher should not confine the students to his own thinking model, should himself penetrate into the thinking and learning system of the students and direct them to the scientist’s process. That an instruction program achieving its goals depends on arranging the learning and teaching processes not randomly but according to the research findings. Among the studies carried out in this way, learning studies based on cooperative learning has an important role. In this point it seems useful to mention certain explanation related to cooperative learning. In this study, it is mentioned how the cooperative learning method should be applied in classroom atmosphere and each step of the appliance is tried to be represented in detail.

Keywords

• Cooperative Learning
• Classroom Application
• Positive Inter- dependence.

İşbirlikli Öğrenme Yöntemi Üzerine Derleme Çalışması: Iı. İşbirlikli Öğrenme Yönteminin Sınıf Ortamında Uygulanması

Öz

Yeni öğretim yaklaşımlarında öğretmen öğrencileri kendi düşünce modeli içine hapsetmemeli, kendisi öğrencinin düşünme ve öğrenme sistemine girmeli ve öğrenciyi bilim adamının yöntemine yönlendirmelidir. Bir eğitim programının amaçlarına ulaşması öğrenme ve öğretme süreçlerinin rasgele olarak değil, bilimsel araştırma bulgularına göre düzenlenmesine bağlıdır. Bu doğrultuda gerçekleştirilen çalışmalar arasında işbirliğine dayalı öğrenme çalışmaları önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Bu noktada, işbirliğine dayalı öğrenme ile ilgili bazı açıklamalara yer vermekte yarar görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada işbirlikli öğrenme yönteminin sınıf ortamında nasıl uygulanacağına yer verilmiş ve uygulamanın her aşaması detaylı olarak sunulmaya çalışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İşbirlikli öğrenme
• Sınıf uygulaması
• Pozitif bağımlılık.

Kaynakça

1. Açıkgöz, K.Ü. (1992). İşbirlikli öğrenme: Kuram, araştırma, uygulama. Uğurel Mat- baası, 173s, Malatya.
2. Açıkgöz, K.Ü. (2003). Aktif öğrenme, Eğitim Dünyası Yayınları, Kanyılmaz Matba- ası, 172 s, İzmir.
3. Akan, O.H. (2005). Concrescent Conversations: Generating a Cooperative Learning Experience in Principles of management – a postmodern analysis. Journal of Education for Business; Mar/Apr, 80, 4, 214.
4. Bearison, D.J., Mmagzomes, S., Filardo, E.K. (1986). Socio-cognitive conflict and cognitive growth in young children. Merrill-Polmer Quarterly, 32(1), 51- 72.
5. Bolling, A. (1994). Using Group Journals to Improve Writing and Comprehension.,
6. Journal on Excellence in College Teaching; 5(1), 47-55.
7. Bourner, J., Hughes M., Bourner, T. (2001). First-year Undergraduate Experiences of Group Project Work, Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education, 26, 19-39,
8. Cooney, M., Nelson J., Williams, K. (1998). Collaborative Inquiry Into the Pedagogical Use of Storytelling and Acting, Journal on Excellence in College Teaching; 9(3), 65-79.

9. Cooper, J., Mueck, R. (1990). Student involvement in learning: Cooperative learning and college instruction, Journal on Excellence in College Teaching, 1, 68- 76.
10. Doymuş, K., Bayrakçeken, S., Şimşek, Ü. (2003). İşbirlikli ödev hazırlamanın başa- rıya etkisi, Kazım Karabekir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 7(1), 70-78.
11. Doymuş, K., Şimşek, Ü., Şimşek, U. (2005). İşbirlikçi öğrenme yöntemi üzerine derleme: İşbirlikli öğreneme yöntemi ve yöntemle ilgili çalışmalar, Erzincan Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 7(1), 59-83.
12. Doymuş, K., Şimşek, Ü., Bayrakçeken, S. (2004). İşbirlikli öğrenme yönteminin fen bilgisi dersinde akademik başarı ve tutuma etkisi, Türk Fen Eğitimi Dergisi, 1(2), 103-115.
13. Ellis, S.S.,Whalen, F.S. (1990). Cooperative Learning Getting Started, Scholastic Professıonal, Books .USA.
14. Faust, J., Paulson, D. (1998). Active Learning in the College Classroom, Journal on Excellence in College Teaching; 9(2), 3-24.
15. Hall, E.W. (2004). Questions & Answers: Regarding Cooperative Learning in Rural Special Education classes. The Exceptional Parent; Mar, 34, 3.
16. Gardener, B. S., Korth, S. D. (1996). Using reflection in cooperative learning groups to Integrate theory and practice. Journal on Excellence in College Teaching,7 (1),17-30.
17. George, P.G. (1994). The effectiveness of cooperative learning strategies in multi- cultural university classrooms. Journal on Excellence in College Teaching, 5(1), 21.
18. Gömleksiz, M. (1993). Kubaşık öğrenme yöntemi ile geleneksel yöntemin demokra- tik tutumlar ve erişiye etkisi, Doktora Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Adana.
19. Johnson, D.W., Johnson, R.T., Smith, K. (1991). Active Learning: Cooperation In The College Classroom, Edina Minn: Interaction Book Company.
20. Johnson, D.W., Johnson, R.T., Holubec, E.J. (1994). Cooperative Learning In The Classroom Cooperation in the classroom, Alexandria, VA: Association for supervision and curriculum Development, Minnesota.
21. Johnson, D.W., Johnson, R.T. (1992). Approaches to implementing cooperative learning in the social studies classroom, cooperative learning in the social studies classroom: An Invitation Social study, R.J., Stahl and R.L., Vansicle Editor : Washington National Council for the social studies. Bulletin No: 87, 44-51.
22. Katzenbach, J., Smith, D. (1993). The Wisdom of Teams. Cambridge, Mass: Har- vard Business School Press
23. Klein, J, D. (2000). Effects of Informal Cooperative Learning and the Affiliation Motive on Achievement, Attitude, and Student Interaction; Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25,332-341.
24. Keig, L., Waggoner, M. (1995). Peer Review of Teaching: Improving College In- struction through Formative Assessment, Journal on Excellence in College Teaching 6, 1, 9-16.
25. Lejk, M., M. Wyvill and Farrow, S. (1999). Group Assessment in Systems Analysis and Design: A Comparison of the performance of streamed and Mixed- Ability Groups, Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education, 24, 5-14,
26. Lejik, M., Wyvill, M. (2001). Peer Assessment of Contributions to a Group Project: a Comparison of Holistic and Category –based Approaches, Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education, 26, 61-72,
27. Mallinger, M. (1998). Collaborative learning across borders: Dealing with student resistance, Journal on Excellence in College Teaching; 9(1), 53-68.
28. Milis, B. (1991). Full filling the promise of the seven principles through cooperative learning: An action agenda for the university classroom, Journal on Excel- lence in College Teaching, 2, 139-144.
29. Pardoe, I. (2004). Multidimensional Scaling for Selecting Small Groups in College Courses The American Statistician; Nov, 58, 4, 317
30. Salend, S.J., Gordon, J., Lopez, K. (2002). Evaluating Cooperative Teaching Teams, Intervention in School and Clinic, 37, 195-201,
31. Scahible, R., Robinson, B.D. (1995). Collaborating teachers as models for students,
32. Journal on Excellence in college Teaching, 6(1), 9-16.
33. Slavin, R.E. (1988). Small group methods, The International Encyclopedia of Teaching and Teacher Education, Oxford: Pergamon pres.
34. Slavin, R.E. (1990). Comprehensive Cooperative Learning Methods: Embedding Cooperative Learning in the Curriculum and School, Cooperative Learning: Theory and Research Slavin, R.E, 1990, (editor : Shlomo Sahran), New York
35. Sharan Y., Sharan, S. (1989). Group Investigation Expands Cooperative Learning, Educational Leadarship, 47, 4, 17-21.
36. She, H.C. (1999). Students’ Knowledge Construction in Small Groups in the Sev- enth Grade Biology Laboratory; Verbal Communication and Physical En- gagement, Int. J.Sci. Educ., 21,10,1051- 1066.
37. Siegel, C. (2005). Implementing a Research-Based Model of Cooperative Learning,
38. The Journal of Educational Research; Jul/Aug , 339.
39. Soylu, H. (2004). Fen Öğretiminde Yeni Yaklaşımlar, Eğitim ve Psikoloji Yayınları Dizisi, Nobel Yayınları, Nisan.
40. Şimşek, Ü., Doymuş, K., Kızıloğlu N. (2005). Lise Düzeyinde Öğrenim Gören Öğ- rencilere Grupla Öğrenme Yönteminin Kazandırdığı Bilgi ve beceriler, Kas- tamonu Eğitim Dergisi, 13(1), 67-80.
41. Şimşek, Ü. (2005). İşbirlikli Öğrenme Yönteminin Fen Bilgisi Dersinin Akademik Başarı ve Tutumuna Etkisi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi , Erzurum.
42. Thompson, J.C., Chapman, E.S. (2004). Effects of Cooperative Learning on Achievement Of Adult Learners In Introductory Psychology Classes. Social Behavior and Personality; 32, 2, 139
43. Ulmer, J.D., Cramer, M.C. (2005). "Why are Those Kids in Groups?" The Agricul- tural Education Magazine; May/Jun , 77, 6, 14.
44. Webb, N. M., Sydney, H.,Farivor, A.M. (2002). Theory in to practice, College of Education, 41(1), 13-20.